Germany's anti-Russia sanctions policy: intermediate results and countermeasures

Abstract

It is emphasized that in 2022 the sanctions of Germany, the largest economic partner of Russia in the EU, radically weakened Russian-German economic cooperation in a wide range of interactions. It is determined that, as part of coordinated actions with Brussels, Berlin is focused on curbing the industrial development of the Russian Federation and limiting its foreign exchange earnings. Russia, along with the already existing countermeasures, needs to develop additional steps aimed at reducing the potential for conflict in bilateral economic cooperation, incl. by attracting the German business that remained in the Russian Federation as an economic lobbyist for a peaceful settlement for the future.