The Effectiveness of EC Policies to Move Freight from Road to Rail: Evidence from CEE Grain Markets

R. Pittman, M. Jandová, M. Król, L. Nekrasenko, T. Paleta
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引用次数: 21

Abstract

The European Commission years ago adopted a policy of encouraging the substitution of motor carrier haulage of freight with rail and water carrier haulage, as part of its “green” agenda of reducing fuel consumption, emission of pollutants, carbon intensity, and road congestion. Regarding railway freight in particular, one policy tool that the Commission has emphasized for this purpose is the restructuring of the rail sectors of member countries through the creation of competition for the incumbents by new train-operating companies (TOC’s) – on its face a less obvious policy choice than alternatives such as Pigouvian pricing measures or infrastructure subsidies. This paper focuses on one important commodity group – grain – in three EC member states and one non-member state – Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Ukraine – to examine the degree to which increased rail competition has been associated with increases in rail’s modal share, and more broadly to learn what appear to be the binding constraints to increases in rail’s share. Such constraints seem more closely related to shortages in infrastructure capacity than to a lack of competition among TOC’s. This suggests that other “models” of railway restructuring may be more effective in easing this constraint.
欧盟政策对货物运输从公路向铁路转移的有效性:来自中东欧粮食市场的证据
几年前,欧盟委员会通过了一项政策,鼓励用铁路和水路运输替代汽车运输货物,作为其减少燃料消耗、污染物排放、碳强度和道路拥堵的“绿色”议程的一部分。特别是关于铁路货运,委员会为此目的强调的一项政策工具是改组成员国的铁路部门,办法是由新的火车经营公司(TOC)对现有的铁路部门进行竞争。从表面上看,这是一种比庇古定价措施或基础设施补贴等替代办法不那么明显的政策选择。本文以三个欧共体成员国和一个非欧盟成员国(波兰、捷克共和国、斯洛伐克和乌克兰)的谷物为研究对象,考察铁路运输竞争加剧与铁路运输模式份额增加之间的关联程度,并从更广泛的角度了解铁路运输份额增加的约束性制约因素。这些限制似乎与基础设施能力的短缺密切相关,而不是与TOC之间缺乏竞争有关。这表明,铁路重组的其他“模式”可能更有效地缓解这一制约。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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