Jeju-ASEAN+α Policy: Toward a City Diplomacy of Peace, Ecology, and Inclusion

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to examine the limits and possibilities of Jeju-ASEAN+α policy and to search for an effective way for its development as a city diplomacy. Jeju-ASEAN+α policy is of paramount importance because it is an attempt to promote ‘diplomatic decentralization’ and diplomatic autonomy of a local government. Nevertheless, it is narrowly focused on economic issues, and therefore the core value of the policy could not be clearly defined. Deficiencies in the participation of civil society and the integrated governance structure of policy implementation are also significant problems. This study proposes three alternatives regarding core values of the policy, citizens’ participation in the policy processes, and governance structure of the policy. First, in terms of core values, Jeju-ASEAN+α policy should follow peace, ecology, and inclusion, which are the common elements of successful city diplomacies. Second, to enhance legitimacy and sustainability of the policy, citizen’s demands should be embraced and their participation in the policy process should be encouraged. Last, but not least, to reinforce effectiveness and sustainability of the policy, it is necessary to systematize the structure of governance that integrates multiple actors ranging from local government to NGOs and each citizens. In addition, legal and institutional support is also essential in this light. Jeju-ASEAN+α policy is not just a single policy, but it is a critical opportunity to establish the grand strategy of Jeju island’s city diplomacy. Its development and outcome would be the cornerstone of Jeju’s international renown as an innovative leader in the field of city diplomacy.