DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES REGARDING VIRAL DISEASES OF BEES IN THEIR MODERN DOMESTIC TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME KEEPING AND BREEDING

I. Maslii
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Only the most prosperous apiaries in veterinary and sanitary terms are able to ensure the proper functioning of the beekeeping industry. To do this, it is necessary to carry out timely and comprehensive diagnostic production and laboratory measures in order to identify the causative agents of bee diseases and prevent their spread. One of the modern high-precision methods is the polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. This method of analysis is quite widely used in many countries of the world for the diagnosis of viral diseases of bees. The purpose of the research is a comparative assessment of the use of two methods: epizootological examination in the field and diagnosis of viruses using PCR with specific primers for entomopathogenic viruses. As part of the experiment, 162 samples of pathological material from 17 regions of Ukraine were examined. According to the results of a three-year epizootological examination, clinical examination of families and differential diagnosis, 146 samples of pathological material were selected for PCR research. Out of 146 samples tested by PCR, only 51 were positive, which is 34.9%. This confirms the difficulty of establishing a diagnosis of viral diseases of bees based on clinical signs. Analyzing the results obtained over the years of research, it should be noted that the lowest number of positive cases of bees affected by viral agents according to PCR results was recorded in 2015 - 9 samples (17.6%) of cases, the largest - in 2016 - 27 (52.9%). According to the determination of the specific share of each of the studied viruses, it was established that the most common in 2014 were chronic paralysis (26.7 %) and sac-like brood (46.7 %), in 2015 – sac-like brood (66.7 %), in 2016 – chronic paralysis and saccular fetus. This indicates that effective and high-quality diagnostics of viral infections, apart from the viral disease of offspring, have not yet been sufficiently developed in Ukraine. Keywords: viral diseases of bees, epizootological, clinical method of research, polymerase chain reaction.
现代国内养蜂技术方案中蜜蜂病毒性疾病的诊断措施
只有在兽医和卫生方面最繁荣的养蜂场才能确保养蜂业的正常运作。为此,有必要开展及时和全面的诊断生产和实验室措施,以确定蜜蜂疾病的病原体并防止其传播。使用特定引物的聚合酶链反应是现代高精度方法之一。这种分析方法在世界上许多国家被广泛用于蜜蜂病毒性疾病的诊断。本研究的目的是对两种方法的使用进行比较评估:实地流行病学检查和使用带有特定引物的昆虫病原病毒PCR诊断病毒。作为实验的一部分,对来自乌克兰17个地区的162份病理材料样本进行了检查。根据3年的流行病学检查、临床家庭检查和鉴别诊断结果,选取146份病理材料进行PCR研究。146份PCR检测样本中,阳性51份,占34.9%。这证实了根据临床症状对蜜蜂病毒性疾病进行诊断的困难。分析多年来的研究结果,根据PCR结果,感染病毒剂蜜蜂的阳性病例数最少的是2015年的9例(17.6%),最多的是2016年的27例(52.9%)。通过对各病毒的具体比例的测定,确定2014年最常见的是慢性麻痹(26.7%)和囊状窝(46.7%),2015年最常见的是囊状窝(66.7%),2016年最常见的是慢性麻痹和囊状胎。这表明,乌克兰尚未充分发展对病毒感染的有效和高质量的诊断,除了后代的病毒性疾病。关键词:蜜蜂病毒性疾病,流行病学,临床研究方法,聚合酶链反应
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