ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTABILITY OF CORN HYBRIDS OF THE FEDERAL STATE BUDGETARY INSTITUTION CORN RESEARCH INSTITUTE IN SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies conducted on gray forest soils of the Ancestral region of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2021-2022 to study the productivity and adaptability of twelve corn hybrids of different precocity breeding FGBNU "Corn Research Institute" Siberian-135, Mashuk-140, Nur, K-160, K-165, Baikal, K-170, Mashuk-171, Mashuk-172, Newton, Mashuk-220, Mashuk-250. Characteristics of the experimental site: humus content is low 3.8%, mobile phosphorus is very high 288 mg / kg of soil and potassium exchange increased 153 mg / kg of soil. The reaction of the soil environment is close to neutral. Analyzing the indicators, the early-maturing three-line hybrid Baikal turned out to be the most productive. Even under stressful climatic conditions, the average plant height of the hybrid was 256.5 cm, the biological yield was 8.29 t/ha, the aboveground mass in the phase of milk ripeness of grain was 64.30 t/ha and the leaf area was 43.56 thousand m2/ha. At the same time, the qualitative characteristics of the Baikal hybrid grain were not lost. The protein content was 10.31%, starch 61.10%. Also, a high level of grain yield was obtained from the average early hybrid Mashuk-250 – 8.13 t/ha. This is 0.16 t/ha less than that of the Baikal hybrid. Early-maturing Nur and Mashuk-171 hybrids had a yield of 7.92 t/ha (0.37 t/ha less than the maximum value). The highest protein content was found in the grain of the ultra-ripe hybrid Siberian–135 - 11.31%. The highest starch content was in the grain of the Newton hybrid – 68.29%. The lowest grain yield was obtained when cultivating the Mashuk-220 hybrid (6.07 t/ha). The protein and starch content in the grain of this hybrid is average (9.31% and 62.22%).