ISLAMIC CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL SOCIETIES, PRINTING HOUSES, NATIONAL PRESS AND MUSLIM ENLIGHTENMENT IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XX CENTURY

Abstract

The question of the origin and history of the development of the Muslim enlightenment of the North Caucasus in the first third of the 20th century has not been developed in the literature at all, there are almost no works on this topic, sources in the Eastern and Dagestan languages ​​have not been studied and introduced into scientific circulation. This article is an attempt to fill this gap to some extent. Creation in 1903 The Islamic printing house of M. Mavraev in Temir-Khan-Shura marked the beginning of the mass publication of printed materials of an educational orientation in Arabic and Dagestan languages ​​using Arabic graphics. The role of the cultural and educational societies of Dagestan, created during this period at the expense of the money of jamaats and sadak (donations), zakat, wills, waqfs, is enormous. The press in Arabic and national languages, which contributed to the enlightenment of the Dagestan peoples and the development of national languages ​​and cultures, was of inestimable importance for the promotion of Islamic educational ideas and the formation of public opinion. In the first third of the 20th century, groups of like-minded people formed in the region, united by the idea of ​​reviving the values ​​of Islam among the peoples of the North Caucasus. We can name among them such names as Ali Kayaev, Abusufyan Akaev, Muhammadmirza Mavraev, Badavi Saidov, Muhammad Dibirov, Seifulla-kadi Bashlarov, editorial boards of newspapers in the Dagestan languages: Avar, Lak, Kumyk, as well as many other Muslim educators who collaborated in these publications. All these factors together gave a powerful impetus to the formation and development of Muslim enlightenment in the North Caucasus in the first third of the 20th century.