Assessment of Risk Factors for Occupational Neck Pain among Teachers: Application of Health Belief Model

Abstract

Article Type Original Article Authors Zohre Moradi 1 MSc candidate Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian1 PhD Seyedeh Somayeh Kazemi 2 PhD How to cite this article Moradi Z,. Tavafian SS., Kazemi SS. Assessment of Risk Factors for Occupational Neck Pain among Teachers: Application of Health Belief Model. IJMPP. 2022; 7(1): 658-665. 1 Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2 Health Network, Mazandaran University of Medical sciences, Chaloos , Iran * Correspondence Address: No 212, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. P.O. BOX: 14115-111. Tel +98 21 82884547 Fax +98 21 82884555 Email: tavafian@modares.ac.ir Article History Received: Nov3, 2021 Accepted: Dec 3, 2021 ePublished: Dec 30, 2021 Copyright© 2018, TMU Press. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms Aim: Neck pain (NP) is one of the most common MusculoSkeletal Disorders (MSDs) that leading to occupational health problems and complaints among different professions. As many studies indicated that NP is common among teachers, this study aimed to assess the risk factors of occupational neck pain in among teachers based on Health Belief Model (HBM). Method and Materials: In this descriptive-analytical study, 224 teachers from 26 schools were selected randomly. Based on inclusion criteria, 144 participants were eligible and included in the study. A self-designed questionnaire was applied to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed through Pearson correlation test by using SPSS version 24 and. Findings: This study showed there is a significant relationship between teachers’ occupational neck pain and various factors such as age, gender, work experience, doing exercise, awareness, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy, and prevent behavior (P <0.05 in all instances). Conclusion: As this study indicated the majority of the risk factors associated with neck pain can be controlled, providing educational training program for teachers to reduce occupational neck pain is strongly recommended. Introduction Globally, MusculoSkeletal Disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common occupational diseases and injuries that leading to disability and cause the highest number of work-related complaints[1]. It has been shown that MSDs have a significant influence on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in industrialized and developing countries [2]. Neck pain is one of the most common Work-Related MusculoSkeletal Disorders (WMSDs) [3]. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) survey, neck pain affects 48 % to 62 % of the population[4]. Globally, neck pain ranks fourth for disability and twenty-first in the overall global burden of pain[5]. It has been estimated that about 9 to 18% of general population suffer from neck pain in the world. In other word, it has been discussed that 1 out of every 3 people experiences this pain during their lifetime [6,7]. The prevalence of neck pain is the fourth health problem among teachers, which accounts for 44 to 61% of injuries[8]. The prevalence of neck pain in Iranian teachers is reported to be about 57.8%[9]. It appears that school teachers are at considerable risk of developing MSDs especially for neck pain[10]. Several studies indicated that neck pain (NP) is one of the common MSDs among teachers when compared with other working populations[11,12]. . Studies show various factors including demographic and individual factors, physical, and psychological factors are involved in neck pain. Individual factors included age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI) and vitamin D deficiency [13,14], also physical factors included duration of employment, length of stay in class, length of