PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ACCOMPANIMENT OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS

Abstract

The article reveals various aspects of psychological and pedagogical support of children with autism spectrum disorders. It is determined that one of the features of working with preschoolers in this category – is compliance with the principles of learning, as well as the principles of the activity approach in their education. The most common factors that cause difficulties in learning in primary school are the burden of early development, delays in the formation of cognitive processes (thinking, speech), insufficient development of motor functions, visual perception, immaturity of emotional and personal sphere, nervous and somatic disorders, and mental health. It is determined that the completion of classes of correctional and developmental training and appropriate psychological and pedagogical support of children with autism spectrum disorders is carried out on the basis of a comprehensive clinical, psychological and pedagogical examination in accordance with variable curricula. It is established that the acquisition can be of four options. The first is designed for children who have studied for a year or two in general secondary education and who have shown persistent failure in basic subjects. The second is intended for children who started school at the age of 6 and have not mastered the program, as well as for 7-year-old children who have not studied before, but showed a low level of readiness for school. The third – a special case of staffing – is designed for 6–7-year-old children who are unprepared for school. The fourth option of staffing provides training for children in educational complexes “Kindergarten – School”, “Primary School – Kindergarten” with the beginning of correctional and developmental work from 4 or 5 years. The principles, tasks, content, and directions of psychological and pedagogical support of correctional and developmental education are highlighted. It is proved that the most typical features of correctional and developmental education of junior schoolchildren, arising from the nature of their educational activities, are united into four integrated blocks: semantic, procedural, communicative, and interpersonal communication. Keywords: psychological and pedagogical support; features; factors; children; autism spectrum disorders; correctional and developmental learning; difficulties; clinical, psychological and pedagogicalexamination.