Hydra, as a Rosetta stone for deciphering the underlying mechanisms of modern day regenerative medicine

Abstract

Abbreviations: ECM, extracellular matrix; Wnt, int/Wingless family of growth factors (to include the: canonical Wnt pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway); Col-Type IV, collagen type IV; RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; TGF, transforming growth factor (sometimes referred to as tumor growth factor)