RECOMMENDATION OF LOW-SODIUM DIETS IN PATIENTS WITH CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease with a high hospital cost, and of a complex and systemic nature. A growing public health problem, HF can cause several limitations in the lives of patients and lead to a reduction in quality of life, consisting of a major concern of health programs. Studies show that patients lack of knowledge regarding pharmacological, and non-pharmacological treatment and poor therapeutic adherence are factors that are involved in HF decompensation and rehospitalizations. Although salt restriction plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of HF, this is still a highly discussed topic in the treatment of these patients. Objective: In order to broaden the view of the nutritionist’s role in the treatment of patients with HF in relation to sodium restriction in the diet, the present study reviewed the literature in search of evidence on the recommendation of a low-sodium diet in the treatment of these patients. Methodology: A systematic literature review was carried out in the Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs, SciELO and national and international health committees’ databases, of articles published from 2005 to 2022. Conclusion: Salt intake for patients with HF should be individualized, as the response to dietary salt intake may vary among different individuals. Therefore, other studies, including randomized clinical trials, are needed to analyze the restriction of salt intake for prolonged periods.