Stages of professional preparation for future speech therapists in the special education system

Abstract

The article covers the history of the formation and development of the domestic system of speech therapy. It is disclosed that the development of speech therapy education in all historical periods is connected with the socioeconomic structure of the country, the value orientations of the state and society, the policy of children with deviations in development, the legislation in the field of education in general, the world historical-pedagogical process, the level of development of defectological science as an integrated field of knowledge at the junction of medicine, psychology, pedagogy. Some general conditions of the initial stage of logopedic education modernization have been revealed, which confirm that it is possible on the basis of in-depth study of the content and essence of the problem of formation of professionalism and professional competence of future speech therapists, development of organizational and methodological support for their development and implementation in educational, in accordance with the social order, the national-regional needs of modern society. According to the analysis, four stages have been identified in the formation of the future vocabulary specialists training in the system of special education: Phase I – the formation of the logopedic system (logopedic education was a defectological education) (the process of professional training of specialists was limited to the field of school education, which for many years determined exclusively pedagogical directional defectological (logopedic) education) – the end of the XIX – the beginning of XX century; II – intensive development of the problems of higher education in the field of special pedagogy (organization of a short course of practical speech therapy for preschool workers, the opening of the first department of childhood deficiency in Petrograd at the Institute of preschool education, development of the concept of higher defectological education, qualification characteristics, problems of pedagogical practice) – since 1918 in the 70’s of the XX century; ІІІ – the crisis of the system of defectological (logopedic) education (the transformation of the system of higher education, the subsystem of vocational education of different specialists, the development of appropriate requirements for the socio-professional activities of the speech therapist) – 70-ies – the beginning of 90-ies of XX century; IV – modern stage (reorganization of the content and organizational foundations of special education, reorganization of the relationship between mass and special education, distinguishing speech therapy from the special one) – 1997 – to this day.