ARISTOTLE'S COSMOLOGY AND THE MODERN TURN WITH NEWTON AND DESCARTES

Abstract

This text aims to highlight the foundations of the construction of ancient cosmology and also the modern cosmological "turn" from the physics of Kepler, Galileo and Newton and the philosophy of Descartes. Firstly, we tried to rescue how Aristotle's epistemological project, which is a continuity and a break with Plato, formed the metaphysical basis for a later cosmology of the ancient Greek world. In order to understand nature one must first understand the assumptions of the given definition. In order to understand motion, one must understand that change is the realization of what the object is subjected to, the realization of a possibility. Things that have the power to generate motion are nature and have substance. At the advent of the Modern Age, Newtonian physics and Cartesian philosophy provide the framework for a new cosmological conception coming from Aristotle, a new cosmology of modernity.