Oral History, Remembering Practices and the Problem of “Access” to the Traumatic Experience

Corpus Mundi Pub Date : 2020-12-25 DOI:10.46539/cmj.v1i4.30
N. Artemenko
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The method of “oral history” is quite widely used today, despite the fact that it came into being not so long ago. The origins of the method of oral history should be sought for in the studies related to interviewing, and with reference to related disciplines, i.e. sociology, ethnology, political science and, partly, linguistics. Quite soon, the disputes over the relation of oral history and historical memory became common for critical literature. The interview method is a very complex way, which requires quite an effort, as well as the awareness of researcher’s subjectivity of a high degree, therefore, some historians sees oral history as a highly unreliable source. Yet, it is impossible to ignore the fact that the method of oral history is in high demand in cases of no other sources except for the evidence of human memory being left. Oral history enables us to study not so much the facts of the past as the very human consciousness and its alteration, transformation, enables us to pose a question on the memory practices from a new perspective. Memory and remembering practices are closely related to oblivion, which, in its turn, indicates the need to eliminate the information that ravages the human psyche and the structure of public consciousness. Oblivion could be entitled “memory trauma” which should be understood as the events, destructive both to personal and social (including national) identity. Consequently the memory starts to be associated with the concept of trauma. The article delves into the relation between oral history and human memory, the problem of “accessing” the traumatic experience, special aspects of narrative in the traumatic experience.
口述历史、记忆实践与创伤经验的“接近”问题
“口述历史”的方法在今天被广泛使用,尽管它产生的时间并不长。口述历史方法的起源应该在与访谈有关的研究中寻找,并参考相关学科,即社会学、民族学、政治学和部分语言学。很快,关于口述历史与历史记忆关系的争论在批评文学中变得普遍起来。访谈法是一种非常复杂的方法,需要付出很大的努力,也需要研究者高度的主观性意识,因此,一些历史学家认为口述历史是一种高度不可靠的来源。然而,不可忽视的事实是,在除了人类记忆留下的证据之外没有其他来源的情况下,口述历史的方法很有需求。口述历史使我们不仅能够研究过去的事实,而且能够研究人类的意识及其变化和转变,使我们能够从一个新的角度对记忆实践提出问题。记忆和记忆实践与遗忘密切相关,遗忘反过来又表明需要消除破坏人类心理和公众意识结构的信息。遗忘可以被称为“记忆创伤”,它应该被理解为对个人和社会(包括国家)身份具有破坏性的事件。因此,记忆开始与创伤的概念联系在一起。本文探讨了口述历史与人类记忆的关系、创伤经验的“接近”问题、创伤经验叙事的特殊方面。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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