Synthesis and Characterization of Pure and Rare-Earth Metal Gd Doped SnO2-CuO Nanoparticles by Co-Precipitation Method

Abstract

Pure and rare-earth metal Gd doped SnO2-CuO nanoparticles were successfully prepared from the starting materials SnCl2, CuCl2 and doping element gadolinium nitrate. Pure and Gd doped SnO2-CuO were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis, SEM, EDX and dielectric studies. The XRD analysis reveals that the rare-earth metal Gd dopants were substituted into rutile SnO2-CuO nanoparticles. Pure SnO2-CuO nanoparticles have an average crystallite size of 15 nm and rare-earth metal Gd doped SnO2-CuO nanoparticles have 18 nm. The average crystallite size of the sample increases when dopant was used and XRD peak intensity also increases when compared to pure SnO2-CuO nanoparticles. The optical absorption measurements exposed the nanometric size of the materials influences the energy band gap. Optical band gap was found to be 5.08 eV for pure SnO2-CuO nanoparticles and 5.14 eV for Gd doped SnO2-CuO nanoparticles. Surface morphology of pure and Gd doped SnO2-CuO nanoparticles annealed at 400 °C shows that most of the particles are rod shaped and hence it may have better sensitivity. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss decrease with increasing frequency at 100 °C and 200 °C. Doped samples show larger dielectric properties than pure SnO2-CuO nanoparticles.