Pre-conscription training of secondary school students in North Ossetia during the Great Patriotic War.

Abstract

Introduction. At all levels, there is a search for a new model of military-patriotic education; given that the period of active military service is 1 year, the need for military training in schools, gymnasiums, colleges becomes very important and significant. This is related to the relevance of the topic of military-patriotic education at different stages of the history of Russia. The purpose of this article, which is part of the author's dissertation research, is to analyze the forms and methods of military-patriotic education of schoolchildren and pre-conscription training in educational institutions of North Ossetia during the Great Patriotic War. Materials and methods. Historiographical analysis of the problem allows us to conclude that the problems of military pre-conscription training have found their place in the works of historians (Shatunova G.P., Peshkova I.A., Molokov E.V., Reutova L.P., Zhuravlev Yu.I., etc.). Researchers analyze the mass defense work of party and state bodies during the war, study non-military methods of training the population, reconstruct the types and forms of work. Historians analyze many aspects of the big problem in different regions of the country (Mukhametov P.A., Banzaraktsaeva E.V., Sukhanov S.V., Petkov V.A., etc.). This was made possible by the introduction of a large body of new archival documents into scientific circulation. General patterns of Vsevobuch and its manifestations in the regions were established. However, based on the materials of North Ossetia, this topic has not become the subject of scientific study. The main general scientific methods are the method of historicism and objectivity. Interdisciplinary approaches were used in the work, which allowed us to reveal the essence of the studied processes more deeply. The historical and comparative method made it possible to compare the processes in military sports training on the eve of the war with the implementation of the military training program during the war. The historical and chronological method was used when considering the process of pre-conscription training at different stages of the war. The methods of ethnography made it possible to focus on the specifics of military education characteristic of the region. The results of the study. The analysis of the source base and the available historiography on the issue of military education in schools makes it possible to determine the methods of conducting pre-conscription training classes on the territory of North Ossetia, and an attempt is also made to analyze the forms of military training of school youth for service in the army, for first aid. In addition to military training, the emphasis was placed on the education of a patriot who was able to love his homeland and protect it from the enemy. Attention is also paid to the institute of the school military leader (military instructors) and their role in pre-conscription training.