The Possible Protective Role of Ghrelin on Acute Stress Induced Thymic Atrophy in Mice. Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Catherine Safwat Salehh Barsoum, M. Raafat, M. Mekawy, A. M. E. Shawarby
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Abstract

Background: Exposure to stress down regulates the immune system. Thymus gland is sensitive to stress. Ghrelin hormone secreted by the stomach has an immune-stimulatory effect. Aim: Aim of the Work was to study the effect of immobilization stress on mouse thymic population and the possible protective role of Ghrelin. Material and Methods: 40 animals were divided into four groups (10 mice each). Group I was considered as control group. Group II was injected with a 100 μ g/kg of ghrelin intraperitoneally. Group III was immobilized by stress restraint test. Group IV received 100 μ g/kg of ghrelin intraperitoneally prior to the stress restraint test. Thymi of mice of different groups were removed and processed for haematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical staining for caspase 3 and electron microscopic studies. Finally, morphometric and statistical analysis were performed. Results: Acute stress resulted in significant decrease in thymic weight. Atrophy of thymic lobules with marked fatty and mononuclear cellular infiltration was detected. Marked decrease in cellularity of thymic cortex was noticed and confirmed by significant increase in caspase 3 positive cells. Medulla showed proliferation of epithelial reticular cells with cystic degeneration in Hassall’s corpuscle. In Ghrelin protected group, the thymus regained normal histological structure with significant decrease in caspase 3 positive cells. Conclusion: Stress resulted in loss of double positive thymocytes to the periphery. Extra thymic T cells were defective, nonfunctional and auto-reactive. Ghrelin allowed activation of surviving thymocytes and prevented apoptosis.
背景:暴露于压力下会下调免疫系统。胸腺对压力很敏感。胃分泌的胃促生长素有免疫刺激作用。目的:研究固定化应激对小鼠胸腺种群的影响及胃饥饿素可能的保护作用。材料与方法:40只动物分为4组,每组10只。第一组为对照组。II组小鼠腹腔注射胃饥饿素100 μ g/kg。第三组采用应力约束试验固定。IV组在应激抑制试验前腹腔注射100 μ g/kg胃饥饿素。取各组小鼠胸腺进行苏木精和伊红染色、caspase 3免疫组化染色和电镜观察。最后进行形态计量学和统计学分析。结果:急性应激导致大鼠胸腺重量明显降低。胸腺小叶萎缩,脂肪及单核细胞明显浸润。胸腺皮质细胞数量明显减少,caspase 3阳性细胞明显增加。髓质上皮网状细胞增生,伴Hassall小体囊性变性。Ghrelin保护组胸腺组织结构恢复正常,caspase 3阳性细胞明显减少。结论:应激导致双阳性胸腺细胞向外周丢失。多余的胸腺T细胞是有缺陷的、无功能的和自我反应的。胃饥饿素可以激活存活的胸腺细胞并阻止细胞凋亡。
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