Two-Dimensional HCAI Framework

Abstract

The mistaken message has been that more automation necessarily meant less user control. Over the years, this idea began to trouble me so I eventually shifted to the belief that it was possible to ensure human control, even while increasing computer automation. The decoupling of these concepts leads to a two-dimensional HCAI framework, which suggests that achieving high levels of human control and high levels of computer automation is possible. The two axes go from low to high human control and from low to high computer automation. Awareness of the dangers of excessive automation and excessive control will enable designers to introduce safer designs with override mechanisms to allow humans to take over from machine errors and interlocks to prevent human errors. This simple expansion to two dimensions is already helping designers imagine fresh possibilities.