Dr James Marion Sims – kontrowersyjny „ojciec ginekologii”

M. Ciesielska
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Abstract

Vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) was a a catastrophic and common complication of childbirth among American women. In the mid 1800s Dr. J. Marion Sims reported the successful repair of vesicovaginal fistulas with a technique he developed by performing multiple operations on on a group of young, enslaved, African American women who had this condition between 1846 and 1849. Numerous modern authors have attacked Sims’s medical ethics, arguing that he manipulated the institution of slavery to perform ethically unacceptable human experiments on powerless, unconsenting women. It is impossible to understand Sims’s operations within the clinical context of the 1840s. To avoid the problems of “presentism”, in which beliefs, attitudes, and practices of the 21st century are anachronistically projected backward into the early 19th century we have to judge Sims within the context of his time. This is the only way to understand that Sims’ first fistula operations were legal, that they were carried out with express therapeutic intent for the purpose of repairing these women’s injuries, that they conformed to the ethical requirements of his time, and that they were performed with the patients’ knowledge, cooperation, assent, and assistance. Though the legacy of Dr. Sims is for some authors controversial he still seems to be considered as “the father of gyncology” who developed the first consistently successful surgical technique for the vesico-vaginal fistula.
膀胱阴道瘘(VVF)是一种灾难性的和常见的并发症在美国妇女分娩。19世纪中期,j·马里恩·西姆斯博士报告了膀胱阴道瘘的成功修复他通过对一群年轻的,被奴役的非裔美国妇女进行多次手术而开发的一种技术这些妇女在1846年到1849年间患有这种疾病。许多现代作家抨击西姆斯的医学伦理,认为他操纵了奴隶制制度,在无权无势、未经同意的女性身上进行道德上不可接受的人体实验。要在19世纪40年代的临床背景下理解西姆斯的手术是不可能的。为了避免“现在主义”的问题,即21世纪的信仰、态度和实践被错误地投射到19世纪初,我们必须在他的时代背景下判断西姆斯。这是理解Sims的第一次瘘管手术是合法的唯一途径,他们是为了修复这些女性的伤害而进行的明确的治疗意图,他们符合他那个时代的道德要求,他们是在患者的知情,合作,同意和协助下进行的。虽然西姆斯博士的遗产对一些作者来说是有争议的,但他似乎仍然被认为是“妇科之父”,他开发了第一个持续成功的膀胱阴道瘘手术技术。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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