Semantic (Ir)regularities in Action Nouns in Irish

Maria Bloch-Trojnar
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Abstract

Cross-linguistically, verbal nominalizations display a close semantic and syntactic affinity to their corresponding predicates. Another characteristic feature of action nominalizations is that they exhibit the process/result dichotomy. In the process of lexicalization, the meanings of nominals drift away from the core actional reading, and come to denote ‘something material connected with the verbal idea (agent, instrument, belongings, place or the like)’ (Marchand 1969, 303). Nominalizations in Irish show a systematic polysemy between an abstract action reading and more concrete meanings such as result or object of activity, e.g. míniú ‘explanation’, ceartú ‘correction’, filleadh ‘bend’. We can observe a cline with a non-count action nominal and a count result nominal as extremes. The ability to pluralize is a clear indicator of lexicalization, e.g. oiriúintí ‘fittings, accessories’, admhálacha ‘receipts’, socruithe sochraide ‘funeral arrangements’. It will be demonstrated that the patterns of polysemy in verbal nouns are constrained by the lexical semantics of the base verbs. In the paper an overview is made of nominals related to verbs of different situation types (i.e. Vendler’s (1967) classes such as states, accomplishments, achievements, activities), and different lexical semantic categories (i.e. verbs of creation, consumption, motion, speech act verbs, verbs of emission etc.). The study is based on the corpus of ca. 2300 verbs and their corresponding VNs from Ó Dónaill (1977).
爱尔兰语动作名词的语义规律
从跨语言的角度来看,动词名词化与其相应的谓语具有密切的语义和句法亲和力。动作名词化的另一个特征是它们表现出过程/结果二分法。在词汇化的过程中,名词的意义偏离了核心的行为阅读,而开始表示“与言语概念(代理人、工具、财物、地点等)相关的物质”(Marchand 1969, 303)。爱尔兰语中的名词化现象在抽象的动作阅读和更具体的含义(如活动的结果或对象)之间表现出系统的多义性,例如míniú“解释”,ceartú“纠正”,fill“弯曲”。我们可以观察到一个具有非计数行为和计数结果的曲线作为极端。复数化的能力是词汇化的一个明确指标,例如oiriúintí ' fittings, accessories ', admhálacha ' receipts ', socruithe ',以及' funeral arrangements '。本文将论证动词性名词的多义模式受到原形动词词汇语义的制约。本文对不同情景类型的动词(即Vendler(1967)的类别,如状态、成就、成就、活动)和不同的词汇语义类别(即创造动词、消费动词、运动动词、言语行为动词、发射动词等)的名词进行了概述。本研究以Ó Dónaill(1977)上约2300个动词及其对应动词的语料库为基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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