Experimental and Numerical Study of Basic Discharge Coefficient (Cd) For Orifice Plate Meters Under Single Phase Fluid Flow

M. R. Ridlah
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Abstract

Orifice meter’s accuracy is of great importance in fluid flow metering due to the monetary value of fluid transferred daily. The discharge coefficient of the orifice meter calculate for the irreversible losses in the system, which requires extensive experimental validation in accordance with the API standard. This paper presents the numerical simulation study as an alternative of experimental works for estimating the orifice plate’s discharge coefficient. In this study, numerical simulations performed under several orifice diameters with single-phase gas flow with multiple gas flow rates. Two different Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes turbulent models, i.e., SST k-ω and Realizable k-ℇ model, are employed to solve the upstream and downstream orifice differential pressure, based on which the corresponding discharge coefficient is generated. Experimental data points are employed to validate the numerical study, and its comparison studied statistically. Simulations of two orifices display in this study, i.e., 1-inch orifice with SST k-ω and 1.5-inch orifice with Realizable k-e turbulence model. It observed that the pressure increases slightly as the fluid approaches the orifice, and the pressure drops suddenly and continues to drop until it reaches the vena contracta. Moreover, due to the increased velocity of the gas passing through the reduced area of the orifice, the pressure gradually increases afterward. Compared with the experimental data, the numerical simulation under-predicts the discharge coefficient. However, the data discrepancy is less than 4% and 6% respectively. The pressure at 12-inch downstream of the orifice is obtained to investigate the pressure loss ratio. The pressure loss ratio is slightly over-predicted by the numerical simulation of 2% and 6% relative error respectively. Furthermore, user-defined functions that consider the effect of the turbulence model can be developed based on the contribution of this study to expand the numerical
孔板流量计单相流动下基本流量系数Cd的实验与数值研究
孔板流量计的精度在流体流量计量中具有重要的意义,因为流体每天的流量都是以货币计量的。孔板流量计的流量系数是根据系统中的不可逆损失计算的,需要根据API标准进行大量的实验验证。本文提出了用数值模拟方法代替实验方法估算孔板流量系数的方法。在本研究中,数值模拟了几种孔径下的单相气体流动和多种气体流速。采用两种不同的Reynolds平均Navier-Stokes湍流模型,即SST k-ω和Realizable k-ℇ模型来求解上游和下游孔板压差,并以此为基础得到相应的流量系数。采用实验数据点对数值研究进行了验证,并对其进行了统计比较。本研究显示了两个孔的仿真,即1英寸孔的SST k-ω和1.5英寸孔的Realizable k-e湍流模型。观察到,当流体接近孔口时,压力略有增加,然后压力突然下降并继续下降,直到到达收缩静脉。此外,由于气体通过孔板面积减小,流速增大,压力随之逐渐增大。与实验数据相比,数值模拟对流量系数的预测偏低。然而,数据差异分别小于4%和6%。得到了孔板下游12英寸处的压力,以研究压力损失比。数值模拟对压力损失比的预测相对误差略高,分别为2%和6%。此外,可以根据本研究的贡献开发考虑湍流模型影响的用户定义函数,以扩展数值
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