The Incentive Effects of the Belgian Equalization Scheme: Proposals for Reform

Koen Algoed
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Equalization transfers from central to sub-central governments are a pervasive feature of nearly all systems of multi-level government. Not surprisingly, in many federal countries such as Canada and Germany, major programs transfer resources from more wealthy jurisdictions to those with relatively small tax bases or tax revenues. The literature mentions both equity and efficiency reasons for these equalization transfers (see Boadway (2004)). They may be an instrument for achieving horizontal equity among residents of different regions, that is, for ensuring that people can obtain comparable public services at comparable tax rates in all regions. Equalization might also serve as a stabilization device, insuring regions against adverse idiosyncratic shocks with which they may not be able to cope by themselves. Finally, equalization transfers may provide a more “level playing field” for interjurisdictional competition (Oates, 2006). Equalization schemes may have unintended consequences due to different moral hazard problems (see Boadway (2004)).
比利时均等化方案的激励效应:改革建议
从中央到地方政府的均等化转移是几乎所有多层次政府体制的普遍特征。毫不奇怪,在许多联邦制国家,如加拿大和德国,主要项目将资源从较富裕的司法管辖区转移到税基或税收相对较小的司法管辖区。文献提到了这些均等化转移的公平和效率原因(见broadway(2004))。它们可能是实现不同地区居民之间横向公平的工具,也就是说,确保人们能够在所有地区以可比的税率获得可比的公共服务。均衡也可以作为一种稳定手段,确保地区免受它们可能无法独自应对的不利的特殊冲击。最后,均衡转移可能为司法管辖区之间的竞争提供更“公平的竞争环境”(Oates, 2006)。由于不同的道德风险问题,均衡方案可能会产生意想不到的后果(见broadway(2004))。
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