大學生在效益論和正義思維兩難情境中客觀立場與置身其中的比較

Abstract

本研究的目的在於檢視「效益論與正義思維兩難情境量表」之心理計量特徵,瞭解台灣的大學生在該量表上之表現情形,並探討個人在不同情境下,處在不同的立場觀點所做的道德判斷之差異組型,以及探究重要的背景變項與效益和正義取向的關聯性。根據 230 位受試者的實徵資料發現,台灣的大學生在分量表 1 較傾向於效益論的取向,而在分量表 2 和 3 則較傾向於正義思維的判斷;15 題兩難情境中,有 13 題在客觀立場和置身其中兩個不同觀點所做出的效益判斷得分的平均數和百分比有顯著差異。性別、教育水準、支持的黨派、宗教信仰以及工作經驗等是影響受試者的表現之重要背景變項。  This study evaluated the psychometric characteristics of a utilitarianism versus justice scale and assessed the moral reasoning of students faced with utilitarianism versus justice dilemmas based on daily life scenarios. The consistency of their moral judgments made from objective and situated standpoints was also evaluated. The effect of background variables on their utilitarianism versus justice scale scores was explored. Empirical data from 230 participants revealed that the college students were generally more utilitarianism oriented on the first subscale and more justice oriented on the second and third subscales. Among the 15 items, 13 items differed significantly with respect to the means and proportions of the moral judgment scores the students assigned from objective and situated standpoints. Sex, education level, partisan orientation, religious beliefs, and working experience were significantly correlated with the utilitarianism versus justice scale scores.