Dynamic attentional mechanisms of creative cognition

Shadab Tabatabaeian, C. Jennings
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Abstract

In popular imagination creativity requires us to surrender control. Yet, attention is at the heart of control, and many studies show attention to play a key role in the creative process. This is partly due to the selective nature of attention—creative cognition consists of two phases, idea generation and idea evaluation, and selective processes are essential for both phases. Here, we investigate attentional (i.e., selective) mechanisms underlying each phase, using the framework of two major attention taxonomies: top-down/bottom-up and internal/external attention. We argue that creative cognition is supported by a dynamic interplay between the typically opposing sides of each taxonomy. Further, we argue that this dynamic relationship is reflected in interactions across three large-scale brain networks: the default mode (DMN), frontoparietal control (FPN), and salience (SN) networks. Our review of the evidence suggests that creative cognition is best achieved through the flexible use of multiple forms of attention, rather than through reduced attention. We thus propose a two-dimensional space, including one dimension for top-down/bottom-up attention and another for internal/external attention, which can sufficiently capture the flexibility and diversity of attentional mechanisms underlying different stages and components of creative cognition.
创造性认知的动态注意机制
在大众的想象中,创造力要求我们放弃控制。然而,注意力是控制的核心,许多研究表明,注意力在创造过程中起着关键作用。这部分是由于注意力的选择性——创造性认知包括两个阶段,想法产生和想法评估,而选择性过程对这两个阶段都至关重要。在这里,我们使用两种主要的注意分类框架:自上而下/自下而上和内部/外部注意来研究每个阶段的注意(即选择)机制。我们认为,创造性认知是由一个动态的相互作用之间的典型对立双方的分类支持。此外,我们认为这种动态关系反映在三个大型大脑网络之间的相互作用中:默认模式(DMN)、额顶叶控制(FPN)和显著性(SN)网络。我们对证据的回顾表明,创造性认知最好是通过灵活使用多种形式的注意力来实现的,而不是通过减少注意力。因此,我们提出了一个二维空间,其中一个维度为自上而下/自下而上的注意,另一个维度为内部/外部的注意,可以充分捕捉创造性认知不同阶段和组成部分的注意机制的灵活性和多样性。
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