O. Ogah, F. Bode‐Thomas, C. Yilgwan, O. Ige, Fisayo Ogah, O. Ogunkunle, C. Okwuonu, M. Sani
{"title":"Rheumatic heart disease in Nigeria: A review","authors":"O. Ogah, F. Bode‐Thomas, C. Yilgwan, O. Ige, Fisayo Ogah, O. Ogunkunle, C. Okwuonu, M. Sani","doi":"10.4103/njc.njc_30_19","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major public health problem in resource-poor countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where about 1 million affected children between 5 and 14 years of age live with the disease. The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge on the clinical epidemiology of RHD in Nigeria, identify gaps, and suggest possible future directions. A systematic literature search was conducted using African Journal online (AJOL), Cinahl, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. In PubMed, the following medical subject headings and free text terms were used: “Rheumatic heart disease” OR “Rheumatic “Valvular heart disease” OR “Rheumatic fever” AND “Nigeria”. The same text word search was used in Google scholar, AJOL, CINAHL, and Web of Science. A search date was limited to articles published from January 1950 to December, 2018. A total of 44 original studies were reviewed. Nineteen (45.2%) of the studies used clinical criteria for diagnosis of RHD, 19 (40.5%) used echocardiographic diagnosis, and 6 (14.3%) used autopsy or post mortem examination of the patients for the diagnosis of RHD. Five (11.9%) of the studies were conducted in children only, 9 (16.7%) were in both children and adults, and the remaining 31 (73.8%) were done in adults only. Only 6 (14.3%) of the studies reported complications seen in patients with RHD. Of the 6 studies that reported on complications, only 1 reported on recurrent of acute rheumatic fever. Mitral valvular disease was the most common lesion reported in all the studies. RHD still remains a major cardiovascular health problem in Nigeria. There is therefore a need for more recent clinical studies on the contemporary pattern of RHD in Nigeria. In addition, community based screening for RHD is needed to determine the true burden of the disease in Nigeria. Finally, primary and secondary preventive measures are needed to help reduce the burden of RHD in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":228906,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nigerian Journal of Cardiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njc.njc_30_19","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major public health problem in resource-poor countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where about 1 million affected children between 5 and 14 years of age live with the disease. The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge on the clinical epidemiology of RHD in Nigeria, identify gaps, and suggest possible future directions. A systematic literature search was conducted using African Journal online (AJOL), Cinahl, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. In PubMed, the following medical subject headings and free text terms were used: “Rheumatic heart disease” OR “Rheumatic “Valvular heart disease” OR “Rheumatic fever” AND “Nigeria”. The same text word search was used in Google scholar, AJOL, CINAHL, and Web of Science. A search date was limited to articles published from January 1950 to December, 2018. A total of 44 original studies were reviewed. Nineteen (45.2%) of the studies used clinical criteria for diagnosis of RHD, 19 (40.5%) used echocardiographic diagnosis, and 6 (14.3%) used autopsy or post mortem examination of the patients for the diagnosis of RHD. Five (11.9%) of the studies were conducted in children only, 9 (16.7%) were in both children and adults, and the remaining 31 (73.8%) were done in adults only. Only 6 (14.3%) of the studies reported complications seen in patients with RHD. Of the 6 studies that reported on complications, only 1 reported on recurrent of acute rheumatic fever. Mitral valvular disease was the most common lesion reported in all the studies. RHD still remains a major cardiovascular health problem in Nigeria. There is therefore a need for more recent clinical studies on the contemporary pattern of RHD in Nigeria. In addition, community based screening for RHD is needed to determine the true burden of the disease in Nigeria. Finally, primary and secondary preventive measures are needed to help reduce the burden of RHD in Nigeria.
风湿性心脏病(RHD)是资源贫乏国家的一个主要公共卫生问题,特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲,那里约有100万5至14岁的受影响儿童患有这种疾病。本文的目的是回顾尼日利亚RHD临床流行病学的现有知识,找出差距,并提出可能的未来方向。利用非洲在线期刊(AJOL)、Cinahl、Google Scholar、PubMed和Web of Science进行系统的文献检索。在PubMed中,使用了以下医学主题标题和免费文本术语:“风湿性心脏病”或“风湿性心脏瓣膜病”或“风湿热”和“尼日利亚”。在Google scholar, AJOL, CINAHL和Web of Science中使用了相同的文本词搜索。检索日期限于1950年1月至2018年12月期间发表的文章。共回顾了44项原始研究。19例(45.2%)采用临床诊断标准诊断RHD, 19例(40.5%)采用超声心动图诊断,6例(14.3%)采用尸检或尸检诊断RHD。5项(11.9%)研究仅针对儿童,9项(16.7%)研究同时针对儿童和成人,其余31项(73.8%)研究仅针对成人。只有6项(14.3%)的研究报告了RHD患者的并发症。在报道并发症的6项研究中,只有1项报道急性风湿热复发。二尖瓣疾病是所有研究报告中最常见的病变。在尼日利亚,RHD仍然是一个主要的心血管健康问题。因此,有必要对尼日利亚当代RHD模式进行更多的近期临床研究。此外,需要对RHD进行基于社区的筛查,以确定尼日利亚该病的真正负担。最后,需要采取初级和二级预防措施,以帮助减轻尼日利亚艾滋病的负担。