CHANGING LIFESTYLE AND REDUCING MORTALITY FROM CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN THE CONTEXT OF ACHIEVING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 3

Abstract

The concept of sustainable development has defined a new paradigm for the development of human society in the face of global challenges. Population health is the center of the paradigm, being the most important condition as well as the result of achieving targets of sustainable development in the interests of present and future generations. The purpose of the study is to assess Russia's progress in reducing mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the context of changing lifestyle of the population and to determine the possibility of achieving targets of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 by 2030. Material and methods: calculation of standardized mortality rates was based on Rosstat data on deaths from major chronic NCD in the Russian Federation among people aged 30-69 in 2000-2020; calculation of predicted mortality values until 2030, with and without taking into account the impact of the pandemic, was based on the approximation of the indicators dynamics; secondary analysis of data from scientific publications, as well as results of the selected Rosstat studies on prevalence of risk factors and its changes in the period after 2000 was undertaken. Results. Since 2015, Russia has been successfully moving towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3: mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases among people aged 30-69 has decreased by 10.3% by 2019. Positive shifts in mortality developed against the background of the improved lifestyle of the population. Noticeable progress has been made over the past 10 years in reducing tobacco and alcohol consumption. As far as physical activity and a healthy diet are concerned, the number of adherents to these components of a healthy lifestyle is yet to increase. The coronavirus pandemic has led to increased mortality from three of the four monitored diseases, in addition to neoplasms, since they are associated with COVID-19. In a pandemic situation, commitment to a healthy lifestyle has decreased, and consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drugs has increased as a response to stress. Opportunities for a healthy lifestyle have been limited due to economic hardship. Conclusion. Setting goals to reduce mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases in the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals in Russia fell on the period of sustainable positive trends. Significant results have been achieved in terms of reducing alcohol consumption and smoking. However, it was not possible to achieve higher physical activity and improvement in nutrition. The pandemic has both eliminated progress in reducing mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases, and formed a trend of increasing loss from the monitored causes, as well as undermined the sources of exit from the negative trajectory, reversing the process of improving lifestyle of the population.