СИСТЕМАТИЧНЕ ПОЛОЖЕННЯ ТА НАСІННЄВА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ADONIS VERNALIS L.

Abstract

The article analyzes the taxonomy of the species and provides data on the seed productivity of the spring gorse flower and the replenishment of populations with new generations of individuals; determined favorable conditions for seed germination; summarized the results of the introduction of Adonis vernalis on the territory of the botanical nursery of the Uman National University of Horticulture. Seed propagation of Adonis vernalis was carried out in accordance with the methodical recommendations of T. O. Rabotnova and I. V. Vainagia. The works were carried out between the villages of Dmytrivka and Novopristan, Voznesensky District, Mykolaiv region, in 2019. 10 plots were selected using random sampling, the area of each of them was 1m². All fruits in this area were collected and the number of complete and defective seeds was counted. Indicators of potential and actual seed productivity were used to characterize seed reproduction. Seed yield per individual and per population was also determined. To establish field germination, Adonis vernalis seeds were sown to a depth of 1–2 cm on research plots at the Uman National University of Horticulture immediately after seed collection in nature. A comparison of our observations with factual data shows that the reproductive potential of Adonis vernalis in natural conditions is low, which is connected with the discrepancy between the ecological needs of seedlings and the ecological and coenotic conditions of local growth. In Ukraine, Adonis vernalis is noted for its high seed yield. The similarity of seeds in culture is much higher than in nature. Rainy weather in July-August is favorable for seed germination. Therefore, the low reproductive potential of Adonis vernalis is associated with the lack of moisture necessary for seed germination in the second half of summer. The successful experience of growing Adonis vernalis at the botanical nursery of the Uman National University of Horticulture shows that, in contrast to the plantation cultivation of the species, the modeling of introduction populations in artificially created steppe ecosystems is a promising direction for ex situ protection of the species. In this regard, it is advisable to sow and transplant the heather on the slopes of streams, river terraces and fallows. In the conditions of degradation of natural habitats and inefficiency of plantation cultivation, this will allow us to increase the resources of a valuable medicinal plant and contribute to its protection.