A History of Violence: A Critical Overview of Aotearoa New Zealand’s Approach to Terrorism

Lydia Le Gros
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Abstract

On 15 March 2019, Brenton Tarrant fired indiscriminately at congregants as they gathered for prayer at the Linwood Islamic Centre and Al Noor Mosque in Christ-church, New Zealand. The media labelled the event New Zealand’s “loss of innocence” and its first experience of terrorism; MPs across the house described the attack as foreign and imported. However, there are various incidents in New Zealand’s history prior the Christchurch attacks that arguably also fit the definition of terrorism but have not been officially identified or charged as such. The government’s selective use of the terrorism label suggests that in the case of terrorism, phenomenally similar actions may be labelled differently depending on the identity of the perpetrator and the perspective from which the action is described. In order to understand how the government decides whether an act is a case of terrorism or not, this article traces the evolution and social context of New Zealand’s counter-terrorism legislation from the early colonial period to the Christchurch attacks. In doing so, this article finds that in New Zealand, terrorism has been routinely framed as the fault of foreigners and cultural outsiders. This suggests that the official definition of terrorism in New Zealand is not constant or objective, but is instead guided by historical conditions which make political sense of the current terrorism reality.
《暴力史:新西兰反恐政策的批判性概述》
2019年3月15日,Brenton Tarrant向聚集在新西兰基督教堂林伍德伊斯兰中心和Al Noor清真寺祈祷的会众不分青红皂白地开枪。媒体称这次事件是新西兰“失去纯真”和第一次经历恐怖主义;国会议员称这次袭击是外来的,是外来的。然而,在克赖斯特彻奇袭击事件发生之前,新西兰历史上有许多事件可以说也符合恐怖主义的定义,但尚未被正式认定或指控为恐怖主义。政府对恐怖主义标签的选择性使用表明,在恐怖主义的情况下,根据肇事者的身份和描述行动的角度,现象相似的行动可能会被贴上不同的标签。为了了解政府如何判断一个行为是否属于恐怖主义,本文追溯了新西兰从早期殖民时期到克赖斯特彻奇袭击的反恐立法的演变和社会背景。在这样做的过程中,本文发现,在新西兰,恐怖主义一直被习惯性地框定为外国人和文化局外人的过错。这表明新西兰对恐怖主义的官方定义不是恒定的或客观的,而是受历史条件的指导,这些历史条件使当前的恐怖主义现实具有政治意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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