Nouri Ghazavi, Scott Masarky, Joe Monahan, Mike Copp, Shawn Sanchez, Denise David, Tritana Supamusdisukul
{"title":"Operational Evaluation of Digital Taxi Instruction","authors":"Nouri Ghazavi, Scott Masarky, Joe Monahan, Mike Copp, Shawn Sanchez, Denise David, Tritana Supamusdisukul","doi":"10.1109/ICNS50378.2020.9222996","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the airport surface is one of the most difficult areas for a flight crew to navigate, especially at large complex airports. Taxi instructions are communicated through Ultra High Frequency / Very High Frequency (UHF/VHF) radio communications from the air traffic controller to the flight deck [1]. Frequency congestion at major airports increases difficulty conveying taxi instructions. The challenges of effective communication for ground controllers and pilots due to a single method of communication to many aircraft are clearly present in the current state. Flight crews may experience limitations to visibility and signage, or have a lack of reference to surface destinations, further complicating surface navigation. The combination of lengthy detailed taxi instructions, issuing instructions multiple times, radio frequency congestion, and unfamiliarity with the airport can result in a complex environment for the flight crew.The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is interested in improving clarity and delivery of taxi instructions through automation in the tower and the flight deck, focusing on Part 121 aircraft at larger airports. Current research interests will focus on developing capabilities and procedures to digitize taxi instructions on a Ground Control (GC) application and deliver the taxi instructions to the flight deck’s Electronic Flight Bag (EFB). Development of digital taxi instruction concepts and infrastructure should leverage existing National Airspace System (NAS) systems and procedures and identify gaps for further exploration. Digital taxi instructions may improve instruction clarity with minimal voice exchanges and clarifications from the GC before a common understanding is reached. Also, the flight deck will have less \"head down\" time processing taxi instructions, increasing surface situational awareness.This paper will provide initial research on the use of connected aircraft to support digital taxi instructions. The initial scope and future potential capabilities will be discussed. Identification of the functional hierarchy to realize digital taxi instruction capabilities will be reviewed. The concept has identified data elements and message sets that could be integrated into the digital taxi applications via System Wide Information Management (SWIM). Current exchange models like Flight Information Exchange Model (FIXM) should be considered for handling the message sets. Lastly, initial benefits of digital taxi instruction have been identified.","PeriodicalId":424869,"journal":{"name":"2020 Integrated Communications Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","volume":"315 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"2020 Integrated Communications Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNS50378.2020.9222996","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Currently, the airport surface is one of the most difficult areas for a flight crew to navigate, especially at large complex airports. Taxi instructions are communicated through Ultra High Frequency / Very High Frequency (UHF/VHF) radio communications from the air traffic controller to the flight deck [1]. Frequency congestion at major airports increases difficulty conveying taxi instructions. The challenges of effective communication for ground controllers and pilots due to a single method of communication to many aircraft are clearly present in the current state. Flight crews may experience limitations to visibility and signage, or have a lack of reference to surface destinations, further complicating surface navigation. The combination of lengthy detailed taxi instructions, issuing instructions multiple times, radio frequency congestion, and unfamiliarity with the airport can result in a complex environment for the flight crew.The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is interested in improving clarity and delivery of taxi instructions through automation in the tower and the flight deck, focusing on Part 121 aircraft at larger airports. Current research interests will focus on developing capabilities and procedures to digitize taxi instructions on a Ground Control (GC) application and deliver the taxi instructions to the flight deck’s Electronic Flight Bag (EFB). Development of digital taxi instruction concepts and infrastructure should leverage existing National Airspace System (NAS) systems and procedures and identify gaps for further exploration. Digital taxi instructions may improve instruction clarity with minimal voice exchanges and clarifications from the GC before a common understanding is reached. Also, the flight deck will have less "head down" time processing taxi instructions, increasing surface situational awareness.This paper will provide initial research on the use of connected aircraft to support digital taxi instructions. The initial scope and future potential capabilities will be discussed. Identification of the functional hierarchy to realize digital taxi instruction capabilities will be reviewed. The concept has identified data elements and message sets that could be integrated into the digital taxi applications via System Wide Information Management (SWIM). Current exchange models like Flight Information Exchange Model (FIXM) should be considered for handling the message sets. Lastly, initial benefits of digital taxi instruction have been identified.
目前,机场地面是机组人员最难导航的区域之一,特别是在大型复杂机场。滑行指令通过超高频/甚高频(UHF/VHF)无线电通信从空中交通管制员传递到飞行甲板[1]。主要机场的频繁拥堵增加了传达出租车指令的难度。由于与许多飞机的通信方法单一,地面管制员和飞行员有效通信的挑战显然存在于当前状态。机组人员可能会遇到能见度和标识的限制,或者缺乏对地面目的地的参考,这进一步使地面导航复杂化。冗长详细的滑行指令、多次发出指令、无线电频率拥堵以及对机场的不熟悉,这些因素加在一起,会给机组人员带来复杂的环境。美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)有兴趣通过塔台和飞行甲板的自动化来提高出租车指令的清晰度和传递,重点关注大型机场的121部分飞机。目前的研究兴趣将集中在开发地面控制(GC)应用程序中数字化滑行指令的能力和程序,并将滑行指令传递给驾驶舱的电子飞行包(EFB)。数字出租车指令概念和基础设施的发展应利用现有的国家空域系统(NAS)系统和程序,并确定进一步探索的差距。在达成共识之前,数字出租车指令可以通过最少的语音交换和GC的澄清来提高指令的清晰度。此外,飞行甲板将有更少的“低头”时间处理滑行指令,增加水面态势感知。本文将提供关于使用互联飞机来支持数字滑行指令的初步研究。将讨论初始范围和未来的潜在能力。识别功能层次,以实现数字出租车指令能力将进行审查。该概念确定了可以通过系统范围信息管理(System Wide Information Management, SWIM)集成到数字出租车应用程序中的数据元素和消息集。应该考虑当前的交换模型,如航班信息交换模型(FIXM)来处理消息集。最后,已经确定了数字出租车指导的初步好处。