Features of content of the section «Modern political map of the world» in school programs for geography in Transnistria on the border of XX-XXI centuries

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to study the features of the content of the section «Modern political map of the world» in the modern school curriculum in geography in the PMR, as well as a comparative assessment of the content of school General education programs under the section «Political map of the world», operating in the PMR at the turn of XX-XXI centuries. The main material. Political map – a dynamic spatial system, actively changing under the infl uence of events taking place in the world, which is refl ected in school curricula and textbooks on geography. The content of school curricula of the Soviet period directly depended on the policy and ideology of the time. They provided for the study of documents of the party and the Government on major issues and trends of world development. The content of the section «Political map of the world» in the school programs of Transnistria since the 1990s required updating due to socio - economic and political events of that time. The article presents a comparative analysis of the content of school General education programs under the section «Political map of the world», operating on the territory of PMR at the border of XX-XXI centuries. For comparison, some school programs in geography are taken 1981, 1993, 1998, 2000, 2006, 2016 years. The most significant changes in the content of the theme «Political map of the world» happened at the turn of XX–XXI centuries. The geography pilot program for the 1993 secondary school was developed on the basis of the political and socio–economic events that took place at that time in connection with the collapse of the USSR. Each state that was part of the Union, faced with the problem of further development of education, and had to adapt to new realities. The team of authors of the program initially created an experimental program on geography, taking into account the socio-economic and political situation characteristic of our state in the 90s. For the fi rst time, the authors of the program abandoned the division of countries and regions by political and socio-economic system. The study of the political map and administrative - territorial structure of the countries of the modern world is based on the offi cial classifi cation developed by the UN. The following important questions are suggested for study: – subject and objectives of the study of political geography; – introduced a new concept of «political-territorial organization of society», with its main elements - sovereign States and dependent territories; – the main stages of the formation of the political map of the world and individual regions; – administrative and territorial structure; – typology of countries by administrative-territorial structure, geographical location. It should be emphasized that the program introduces the most important concepts of socio – economic and political geography – «political and geographical position» and «economic and geographical position». Valuable in the program of 1993 is the section «Applications» containing plans-characteristics of economic and geographical objects that are convenient to use in their study. Further, in all subsequent school programs in 1998, 2000, 2006, 2016, the section «Modern political map of the world» in its content has changed little. Conclusions. The analysis confi rms that the most signifi cant changes in the content of the theme «Political map of the world» happened at the turn of XX–XXI centuries. It can be concluded that the content and structure of school programs in geography, and in particular sections related to the study of political geography, is a refl ection of the situation in the world community, national policy and ideology, processes covering the educational space of Russia and CIS countries.