DAM PARIT BERTINGKAT DAN TEKNOLOGI IRIGASI HEMAT AIR UNTUK OPTIMALISASI PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA AIR DI LAHAN KERING / Channel Reservoir in Cascade and Water-saving Irrigation Technology for Optimization of Water Resources Utilization in Upland

Abstract

Currently, the frequency of floods and droughts is becoming more frequent and can threaten the agricultural production system and national food security. Rainfall in dry land, especially dry land in dry climates, is fall in large quantities and in a short time resulting in excess water in the rainy season and lack of water in the dry season. Most of the water will flow as runoff, so rainwater and runoff harvest are necessary. Rainwater harvesting and surface runoff through various water harvesting structures such as reservoir, long storage, channel reservoir, and other water conservation techniques have long been known and carried out in the context of water management in dry land. The design and construction of water harvesting can be done through:1) mapping of potential areas for water harvest development including the number, dimensions and distribution of water harvesting buildings, 2) assessing the level of suitability of rainwater harvesting development in the potential area. Channel reservoir as a source of supplement irrigation increased crop productivity and cropping index from 100 to 200 and 300, as well as changes or combinations of types of commodities that are cultivated in addition to food crops, namely horticultural crops such as shallots, red chilies, watermelons, melons, etc. Channel reserrvoir technology is a simple technology that can be done by damping the flow of water in the channel or river and distribute to the surrounding land. Water use optimization can be done through the application of water-saving irrigation by the application of pipeline irrigation system, solar panel pump or even smart irrigation. This paper presents the development of water harvesting technology by channel reservoir in cascade to optimize water utilization in order to increase the cropping index in dry land supported by water-saving irrigation.Keywords: Water harvesting, channel reservoir in cascade, watersaving irrigation, dry land AbstrakDewasa ini frekuensi kejadian banjir dan kekeringan semakin kerap yang dapat mengancam sistem produksi pertanian dan ketahanan pangan nasional. Curah hujan yang sangat eratik di lahan kering, terutama lahan kering iklim kering, turun dalam jumlah besar dan waktu yang singkat sehingga terjadi kelebihan air pada musim hujan dan kekurangan air pada musim kemarau. Pada musim hujan, sebagian besar air akan mengalir di permukaan sehingga diperlukan upaya pemanenan air hujan dan aliran permukaan. Pemanenan air hujan dan aliran permukaan melalui berbagai bangunan panen air seperti embung, long storage, dam parit, dan teknik konservasi air lainnya telah lama dikenal dan dilakukan dalam upaya pengelolaan air di lahan kering. Rancang bangun panen air dapat dilakukan melalui: 1) pemetaan wilayah potensial untuk pengembangan panen air, meliputi jumlah, dimensi, dan sebaran bangunan panen air, 2) menilai tingkat kesesuaian pengembangannya di wilayah potensial. Dam parit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber irigasi suplementer untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman dan indeks pertanaman dari IP 100 menjadi 200 dan 300, serta mengubah dan atau mengombinasikan komoditas tanaman pangan dengan tanaman hortikultura seperti bawang merah, cabai merah, semangka, melon, dan lain lain. Dam parit merupakan teknologi sederhana untuk menahan/membendung aliran air parit/sungai dan mendistribusikannya untuk mengairi lahan di sekitarnya. Optimalisasi penggunaan air dapat melalui aplikasi irigasi hemat air dengan penerapan sistem irigasi pipa, pompa tenaga surya atau irigasi cerdas (smart irrigation). Tulisan ini menyajikan tentang pengembangan teknologi panen air melalui dam parit bertingkat untuk optimalisasi pemanfaatan air dalam rangka meningkatkan indeks pertanaman di lahan kering didukung oleh irigasi hemat air. Kata kunci: Panen air, dam parit bertingkat, irigasi hemat air, lahan kering