Bütünleşik Afet Yönetimine Sosyolojik Bakış: Toplumsal Yapı, İşlev ve Temel Kavramlar Işığında Bir Okuma Denemesi

Abstract

Disasters that have been faced by and damaged the societies from the past to the present have turned into processes that have to be struggled and managed over time. The perception of the reason of disaster, firstly God, then nature, and finally, human-centered, is the basic mentality transformation that justifies social intervention against disasters. The perception of the source/cause of the disaster as first God, then as nature, and finally as human, is the basic mentality transformation that justifies social intervention against disasters. Hence, the negative impact of disasters on social institutions such as family, economy, and health, and thus on the social structure, gradually creates a social awareness and consciousness in combating disasters. It is because disasters prevent social institutions and actors from fulfilling their functions at different scales and durations, and also damage social adaptation mechanisms. In order to prevent this damage, disaster management processes developed by the official or civil authorities of the societies come into play. In this study, disaster management, which aims to reduce the damages of disasters, is discussed from the perspective of today's integrated disaster management. This perspective is called integrated because it includes the practices implemented both before and after the disaster and it foresees the participation of all social actors. This naming provides rich data directly or indirectly on social institutions, social structure, and function, which are the most fundamental study subjects of sociology, and finds concrete responses. In this context, the study focuses on the relationship between integrated disaster management and classical sociology, and in addition to the structure-institution-function perspective, it presents an examination in line with the some of the basic concepts of classical sociology such as rationalization, organic solidarity, collective consciousness, bureaucracy, and specialization.