Translational Control Through the EIF4E Binding Proteins in the Brain

Abstract

Translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein (protein synthesis) is a highly regulated process that controls gene expression. Various signaling pathways, including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), control mRNA translation at the initiation step. mTOR is part of a multi-subunit complex that regulates mRNA translation initiation by phosphorylating and inactivating the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding proteins (4E-BPs). 4E-BPs are a central mechanism in the control of cap-dependent translation in the brain. This chapter reviews the involvement of the 4E-BPs, particularly 4E-BP2, in brain development and synaptic transmission. Furthermore, it discusses the involvement of 4E-BP2 in autistic-like alterations, learning and memory, circadian rhythm regulation, and its roles in the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric (depressive disorders, schizophrenia) and neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson’s).