Theoretical principles of the effective use of total mixed ration in dairy farming

Abstract

Purpose. To substantiate the scientific and theoretical principles of using total mixed ration in dairy farming. To identify priorities for the total mixed ration effectiveness in feeding cows. Methods. Observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, systems analysis. Results. The essence of the total mixed ration is considered and its key role in the formation of cow productivity is determined. It is established that only a comprehensive approach to the ration management at all stages of feeding cows can provide energy and all necessary components of animal diet, which will ensure maximum feeding efficiency. Constant monitoring of the ration quality is necessary to choose the most profitable alternative. The reasons for the milk quality decline in agricultural formations of Vinnytsia region have been scientifically substantiated and the relationship between the dry matter content in the diet of cows and their productivity has been studied. It is proved as well, that the successful management of cow feeding consists in compiling a diet with the maximum possible predicted consumption of dry matter by animals at the optimal concentration of energy carriers, protein, minerals and vitamins. Directions for the complete mixed diet management are outlined. The methodical approach to determining the daily requirement of a cow in pure lactation energy and dry matter to maintain vital functions and ensure high productivity is highlighted. Conclusions. In order to achieve maximum productivity of cows, it is necessary to follow the good practice of feeding TMR: regular control of feed stocks and their distribution in the appropriate group of animals; permanent control over the quality and safety of rations: regular updating the ration depending on the productivity of cows, the percentage of milk fat and milk protein, current body weight and body condition, changes in feed moisture or feed ingredients and feed pricing policy (based on analysis of the quality data monitoring and composition of the fed feed).