Basic Immunization Coverage Mapping in Indonesia

Abstract

Background : National vaccination program as an integral part of infectious disease control is one effort to reduce the incidence and burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccination coverage among children is one of the five priority health programs in Indonesia. Full immunization coverage among children under 2 years of age decreased in 2018 at 57.9% from 59.2% in 2013, which became a public health concern. This study aimed to map childhood vaccination coverage by the province in Indonesia to examine the disparity and identify its determinants related to vaccination coverage. Subjects and Method : This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2018 National Basic Health Research conducted in 34 provinces in Indonesia. A total of 16,494 children ages 12-23 month was selected for this study by total sampling. The dependent variables were maternal age when pregnant with the child analyzed, antenatal care visits during pregnancy, place of delivery, and parental residency. The independent variable was children who had completed all five basic immunizations before 23 months of age. Thematic maps were created using ArcGIS, and data were analyzed using SPSS. Results : The study found a disparity of full immunization coverage across the provinces in Indonesia, with the highest full coverage in Bali, while the lowest was found in Aceh. The disparity was also found in all determinants across the nation, which may be related to the variety of vaccination coverage in different provinces. Conclusion : Findings suggest that increased access to immunization is required, particularly in provinces with low immunization coverage