Role of TROP2, Cyclin D1 and FOXP3 in Bladder Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients: An Immunohistochemical Study

Abstract

BackgroundIn Egypt, Urinary bladder carcinoma is a common malignancy accounting for 14.3% of total malignancies in both sexes with 3:1 male to female ratio. It comprises 88.3% of the total urinary system tumors. To reduce bladder cancer morbidity and mortality there is an urgent need to identify novel tumor marker which are specific enough for prognosis and can serve as effective anticancer targets .Therefore the purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of TROP2, CYCLIN D1, FOXP3 and their relationship with the established clinico-pathological parameters and overall survival of bladder cancer in Egyptian patientsMethodsUsing the standard immunohistochemical technique, TROP2, CYCLIN D1 and FOXP3 expression in 80 primary bladder carcinomas and 20 specimens as non neoplastic group were assessed. The bladder carcinoma cases included 50 cases with muscle invasive bladder cancer and 30 cases with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer ResultsOverexpression of both TROP2 and FOXP3 implied poor prognostic impact as significantly associated with muscle invasive bladder cancer, high grade, advanced stage, lymph node involvement and high mitotic count. Cyclin D1 displayed an inverse relation with both TROP2 and FOXP3 reflecting a favorable prognostic impact. Tumoral FOXP3 expression is directly correlated with peritumoral FOXP3+ lymphocytes expression. TROP2, CYCLIN D1, FOXP3 expression didn’t affect the overall survival of the studied sample.ConclusionsThe inverse relation between Cyclin D1 and TROP2 proposes consumption of Cyclin D1 by TROP2 as a ligand in the urinary bladder carcinogenesis. Strong diffuse overexpression of both TROP2, and FOXP3 could be promising potential biomarkers for identifying patients with poor prognostic factors in bladder cancer serving as potential targets for cancer therapy.