Environmental Policies and Productivity Growth

T. Kózluk, Vera Zipperer
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引用次数: 33

Abstract

The economic effects of environmental policies are of central interest to policymakers. The traditional approach sees environmental policies as a burden on economic activity, at least in the short to medium term, as they raise costs without increasing output and restrict the set of production technologies and outputs. In contrast, the Porter Hypothesis claims that well-designed environmental policies can provide a ‘free lunch’ – encouraging innovation, bringing about gains in profitability and productivity that can outweigh the costs of the policy. This paper reviews the empirical evidence on the link between environmental policy stringency and productivity growth, and the various channels through which such effects can take place. The results are ambiguous, in particular as many of the studies are fragile and context-specific, impeding the generalisation of conclusions. Practical problems related to data, measurement and estimation strategies are discussed, leading to suggestions how they can be addressed in future research. These include: improving the measurement of environmental policy stringency; investigating into effects of different types of instruments and details of instrument design; exploiting cross-country variation; and the complementary use of different levels of aggregation.
环境政策与生产率增长
环境政策的经济影响是决策者最关心的问题。传统的方法将环境政策视为经济活动的负担,至少在短期到中期是如此,因为它们在没有增加产出的情况下提高了成本,并限制了生产技术和产出的集合。相比之下,波特假说认为,设计良好的环境政策可以提供“免费午餐”——鼓励创新,带来的盈利能力和生产力的增长可能超过政策的成本。本文回顾了环境政策严格性与生产率增长之间联系的经验证据,以及这种影响可能发生的各种渠道。结果是模棱两可的,特别是因为许多研究都是脆弱的和具体的,阻碍了结论的推广。讨论了与数据、测量和估计策略相关的实际问题,并提出了如何在未来的研究中解决这些问题的建议。这些措施包括:改进对环境政策严格程度的衡量;调查不同类型工具的影响和工具设计的细节;exploitingcross-country变异;并利用不同层次的互补聚合。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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