以政府補助計畫之角度建構蘭花產業價值鏈

Abstract

本研究回顧蘭花產業相關之政府補助計畫及相關產業價值鏈文獻，從中萃取各計畫之價值創新類型來建構台灣蘭花產業價值鏈，並利用對應分析比較不同類型申請者及不同時期，藉此瞭解政府在推動蘭花相關研究之科技資源分配趨勢及分布情形。研究樣本為1991至2020年「政府研究資訊系統研究計畫」、「科技部補助研究計畫」及「農委會農業計畫管理系統」等三大資料庫共2,809筆計畫，最終建構蘭花產業價值鏈六大主要價值活動及六大支援價值活動，更進一步提出各主題架構下的創新細節。對應分析結果顯示以研究機構之價值創新活動最為廣泛，教育系統著重在「基因工程研究」、「生產技術」及「蘭花萃取加值應用」等價值活動創新，而政府單位及非營利事業推廣組織則以在「行銷管理」及「產業結構改善」等管理知識上的創新為主，產業界則申請「基因工程研究」及「蘭花萃取加值應用」之創新。另透過跨期比較，主要價值創新活動早期著重在「基因工程研究」，到中後期則偏重「品種改良與繁殖」、「行銷管理」及「生產技術」，而支援價值活動近期才開始重視，以「產業結構改善」及「蘭花萃取加值應用」為創新主軸。本研究所建構之蘭花產業價值鏈，可供政府政策制定、計畫補助及企業實務管理上參考。  This study reviews the value chain literature and government-sponsored programs related to the orchid industry and related industries and extracts the value innovation types of each program to construct a value chain for Taiwan’s orchid industry. In addition, this study uses correspondence analysis to compare different types of applicants and different time periods to understand the trends in the allocation of government resources to promote orchid-related research and the distribution of resources. The research samples for this study were drawn from three major databases: the Government Research Bulletin Research Project, the Ministry of Science and Technology Grant Research Project and the Agricultural Project Management System of the Council of Agriculture from 1991 to 2020, which contained a total of 2,809 projects. The study finally concluded with the identification of six main value activities and six supporting value activities in the value chain of the orchid industry, and further details of innovation under each thematic framework. The results of the correspondence analysis showed that the research institutions had the widest range of value innovation activities. The education system focused on value innovation activities such as "genetic engineering research", "production technology", "orchid extraction and value-added applications", etc., while the government agencies and not-for-profit promotion organizations focused on innovation in management knowledge such as "marketing management" and "industrial structure improvement". As to the industry, it has applied for innovations in "genetic engineering research" and "value-added applications of orchid extraction". In addition, a cross-period comparison showed that the main value innovation activities were focused on "genetic engineering research" in the early stages and "variety improvement and breeding", "marketing management", and "production technology" in the middle and late stages. Supporting value activities have only recently begun to be emphasized with "industrial structure improvement" and "orchid extraction and value-added applications" as their main axes of innovations. The value chain of the orchid industry constructed in this study can be used as a reference for government policy formulation, project subsidies, and practical management of enterprises.