Measurements and characterization of link quality metrics in energy constrained IEEE 802.15.4

J. G. Servin, Á. G. Andrade
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

[Summary form only given]. As more and more low-cost high-quality devices appear on the market and new applications emerge every day, short-range wireless personal area networks (WPANs), both low and high-data-rate, are on the horizon. Two major efforts of IEEE are underway to enhance the development of WPANs. One is the specification of IEEE 802.15.3a, also known as ultra wideband (UWB), used in high-rate WPANs. The other is the specification of IEEE 802.15.4 for low-rate WPANs (LR-WPANs). When deploying LR-WPAN devices into a target field, information about how sensors perform at various distances and orientations relative to each other will make optimal placement easier. If each node is placed to maximize its performance in the network, the lifetime and quality of service for the entire network will increase, therefore an understanding of the wireless channel-operating environment is necessary. In this work, we evaluate through measurements, the basic characteristics of the communication channel using IEEE 802.15.4 radio devices. The experiments were conducted on the esplanade at the Engineering building. It consisted in capture the spatial radio channel properties due to stationary structures and obstacles, and the resulting findings will serve as the basis of an eventual methodology for predicting radio channel quality given an arbitrary layout. A simple transmission scheme was designed, where device-1 (receiver) acted as an access point (AP) and device-2 (transmitter) acted as a sensor placed at a location of interest. The esplanade was divided into 26×32 1m-by-1m grids, and device-2 was sequentially placed at each grid point (x,y), for one measurement. The RSSI and PER of each received packet were saved. Average RSSI and PER metrics presented for each link measurement were calculated over 3000 transmitted packets. The results clearly show the anisotropic nature of all metrics. Specifically, radio links with the same line-of-sight distance did not necessarily have similar average RSSI, or PER. As the superposition of multipath components arriving from different paths can often result in higher energy detected by the receiver (RSSI), but the resulting signal can easily be distorted from the original waveform given the phase differences of those components. About 90% of the links had a PER less than 0.005, and the worst link observed got a PER of 0.054. Links with 0.85 or higher packet reception ratios are considered good links. Links with 0.15 or less packet reception ratios are considered bad links. For one link, however, no obvious blockings but only few clutters were observed; the lower link qualities are thus attributed to multipath effects due to surrounding reflectors. Radio links between the sensors radios exhibited different path losses at different locations. The path loss was not only a function of path distance alone but also showed complex dependency on blocking and multipath effects caused by the surrounding obstacles. In general, good quality was observed for the links; most PERs were less than 0.01, which is consistent with previous works. The experiments in this paper are preliminary studies toward exploring a methodology to predict radio performance at any location.
能量受限IEEE 802.15.4中链路质量度量的测量和表征
[仅提供摘要形式]。随着市场上越来越多的低成本、高质量的设备的出现和新应用的不断涌现,低速率和高速率的短距离无线个人区域网络(wpan)已经崭露头角。IEEE正在进行两项主要工作来促进无线局域网的发展。一个是IEEE 802.15.3a规范,也被称为超宽带(UWB),用于高速无线局域网。另一个是IEEE 802.15.4低速率无线局域网(lr - wpan)规范。当将LR-WPAN设备部署到目标场地时,有关传感器在不同距离和相对方向上的表现的信息将使最佳放置更容易。如果每个节点都被放置在网络中以最大化其性能,整个网络的服务寿命和质量将会增加,因此了解无线信道操作环境是必要的。在这项工作中,我们通过测量来评估使用IEEE 802.15.4无线电设备的通信信道的基本特性。实验是在工程大楼的广场上进行的。它包括捕捉由于固定结构和障碍物造成的空间无线电信道特性,所得结果将作为在给定任意布局的情况下预测无线电信道质量的最终方法的基础。设计了一个简单的传输方案,其中设备-1(接收器)充当接入点(AP),设备-2(发射器)充当放置在感兴趣位置的传感器。广场被划分为26×32 1m × 1m的网格,设备-2依次放置在每个网格点(x,y),进行一次测量。保存接收到的每个报文的RSSI和PER。每个链路测量的平均RSSI和PER指标是在3000个传输数据包上计算的。结果清楚地显示了所有指标的各向异性。具体来说,具有相同视距的无线电链路不一定具有相似的平均RSSI或PER。由于来自不同路径的多径分量的叠加通常会导致接收器检测到更高的能量(RSSI),但由于这些分量的相位差,产生的信号很容易从原始波形中失真。大约90%的链接的PER值小于0.005,观察到的最差链接的PER值为0.054。0.85或更高的数据包接收率被认为是良好的链路。数据包接收比小于等于0.15的链路被认为是坏链路。然而,对于一个链接,没有明显的阻塞,只有少数杂乱的观察;因此,较低的链路质量归因于周围反射器的多径效应。传感器无线电之间的无线电链路在不同位置表现出不同的路径损耗。路径损失不仅是路径距离的函数,还与周围障碍物引起的阻塞效应和多径效应有复杂的关系。总的来说,观察到链接的质量很好;多数PERs均小于0.01,与前人的研究结果一致。本文中的实验是探索在任何位置预测无线电性能的方法的初步研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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