Circadian Sleep Disorders

Abstract

This chapter discusses circadian rhythm sleep wake disorders (CRSWDs) as defined by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd ed.), including the etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for both “intrinsic” (delayed and advanced sleep–wake phase disorders, non–24-hour sleep–wake rhythm disorder, and irregular sleep–wake rhythm disorder) and “extrinsic” (shift work and jet lag disorders) types of CRSWDs. Cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities commonly associated with these disorders are also highlighted. The chapter reviews the current gaps in our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment options of these disorders and discusses the need for considering an integrative approach, one combining complementary and conventional medicine, to treat these disorders. Recommendations are also presented for future research that may improve diagnosis and treatment.