Insecticidal and repellent activities of Azadirachta indica A. (Juss) oil against fifth instar larvae and adults of Sahlbergella singularis (Hemiptera:Miridae)

Koffi Gagnon Ankou, Lankondjoa Kolani, Essolakina Magnim Bokobana, A. Nadio, K. Koba, K. Sanda
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Abstract

Sahlbergella singularis is one of the insects that causes the most damage to cocoa trees in Togo. The management of this pest is mainly based on chemical control, with its negative consequences for human health and the environment. In order to find an alternative to the use of synthetic pesticides, the insecticidal and repellent activities of neem oil were tested in vitro on fifth instar larvae and adults of S. singularis.  Larvae were collected from a cocoa plot. The fifth instar larvae were separated from the other stages. Some of the larvae were reared in the laboratory until adult emergence. The concentrations of neem oil used were 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 µl.ml-1. Insecticidal tests were carried out by spraying the solutions directly onto the insects. The repellency test was carried out using the preferential zone method on filter paper. The results showed an increasing mortality rate with increasing concentrations of neem oil for both fifth instar larvae and adults. The calculated LC50’s for larvae and adults were 0.89 and 0.98 µl.ml-1 respectively. Neem oil had a weak repellent effect on both fifth instar larvae and adults, with average repellency rates of 23.60% and 28.8% respectively. These results show that neem oil can be an alternative to the use of synthetic pesticides in the control of S. singularis.
印楝油对奇异萨尔伯格菌5龄幼虫和成虫的杀避作用
奇异萨尔伯格菌是对多哥可可树造成最大损害的昆虫之一。这种有害生物的管理主要以化学防治为基础,对人类健康和环境造成负面影响。为了寻找替代人工合成杀虫剂的方法,对印度楝油对褐条蛾5龄幼虫和成虫进行了体外杀虫驱避试验。幼虫采集于一块可可田。5龄幼虫与其他阶段分离。一些幼虫在实验室饲养,直到成虫羽化。所使用的印楝油浓度分别为0.5、1、1.5、2和2.5µl.ml-1。通过将溶液直接喷洒在昆虫身上进行杀虫试验。采用滤纸优先区法进行驱避试验。结果表明,随着印楝油浓度的增加,5龄幼虫和成虫的死亡率均呈上升趋势。幼虫和成虫的LC50分别为0.89和0.98µl。ml-1分别。印楝油对5龄幼虫和成虫均有较弱的驱避作用,平均驱避率分别为23.60%和28.8%。上述结果表明,印楝油可替代人工合成农药防治褐皮线虫。
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