Improvement of the technological process of sowing by stubble seeders

Abstract

The basis of the seeding machine fleet is the stubble seeders SZS-2.1, SKP-2.1. A disadvantage of such seeders is the irrational use of the area of feeding due to the uneven distribution of the seed. Improvement of the technological process of sowing is possible by installing seed spreaders on the paw coulters. A scheme of a paw coulter with a passive seed distributor is proposed, each side of which consists of two planes installed at different angles. The calculation scheme and mathematical model allowed to study the process of seed distribution, to reveal the influence of constructive parameters of the coulter and the two-plane distributor on the trajectory of the particle, to determine the rational parameters of the distributor. In Mathcad, a program has been developed that simulates the trajectory of the particle movement along the coulter stand and in the limited under-paw space, which allowed the calculation of the seed distribution process with a coulter with a two-plane distributor. This program allows you to determine the geometric and kinematic parameters of the grain flight reflected from the distributor and the ceiling surface of the opener (trajectory, flight range, direction of the velocity vector when falling to the ground, etc.) when varying the inclination angles of the reflector planes, the incidence of the particle and its physical and mechanical properties. The calculation includes determining the flight parameters of the grain along the vertical straight line in the first stage of the flight, along the “ballistic” curve after each reflection. The results of the calculation are given in the form of a graphical representation of particle trajectories and tables with numerical values of the coordinates of the trajectory and the range of the rebound. To confirm the reliability of the results of theoretical studies and to determine the uniformity of sowing, laboratory tests of paw coulters with two-plane seed spreaders were carried out. The design parameters of two-plane distributors are determined, which ensure the maximum uniformity in the distribution of seeds along the width of the coulters of stubble seeders. Equipping the paw coulters with two-plane spreaders provides seeding with higher quality indices on uniformity and will ensure an increase in the productivity of agricultural crops.