Gray Areas and Doubtful Matters (al-Shubhat, Mashbuh, Mashkuk)

Abstract

The term “gray areas” refers to certain intervening (and often undetermined) matters that fall between the halal and haram. The rules of halal and haram are not exhaustive of all situations and animal types. Doubts may arise mainly because of two factors: either the source evidence of the shariah is not free from doubt in respect of meaning or authenticity, or its application to a particular subject or case is uncertain. Some animals (birds, marine creatures, etc.) are not mentioned in the fiqh books, and one is not sure whether they are lawful or otherwise. Items such as gelatin, insulin, and food additives are also doubtful. This chapter examines these and other doubtful situations, and also what should be done when they arise.