Multilineage-differentiating Stress-enduring (MUSE) Cells in Orthobiologics: Are they the Future?

Abstract

Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (MUSE) cells are non-tumorigenic pluripotent stem cells with endogenous reparative properties. These cells have a very powerful ability to adapt to global environment changes and are thus stress-tolerant cells. Interestingly, MUSE cells can differentiate into cells representative of all three germ layers. There has been a number of studies demonstrating its powerful regenerative power in several disorders: type-1 diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, stroke, glomerular-related kidney diseases, chronic liver failure, and ischemia-reperfusion lung injury. Recent data have also suggested that MUSE cells have significant repair properties for osteochondral lesions. The present article will review what are MUSE cells and how they work, the application of these cells into different disorders, and the studies up-to-date regarding MUSE cells in orthobiologic.