Neurological and Psychiatric Complications of SARSCOV-2 in Children and Adults

Abstract

Background: The pandemic has also resulted in the loss of livelihoods due to prolonged lockdowns, which have had a ripple effect on the global economy. According to the World Health Organization, the emergence of viral diseases represents a serious risk to public health. One of the mechanisms of action of this virus is through the ACE2 receptor. Different neurological findings caused by COVID-19 have been described, among which we find anosmia, ageusia, headache, stroke, altered consciousness, among others, as well as psychiatric symptoms. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out through various databases; The search and selection of articles was carried out in indexed journals in English. Results: The exact route by which SARS-CoV-2 can enter the CNS is still unknown, although hypotheses have been raised, among which we find the transsynaptic pathway, through the olfactory bulb, Regulation of ACE2-R and SIRS. Among the main psychiatric symptoms found in the COVID-19 pandemic are symptoms of depression, anxiety symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and psychological distress. There is a relationship between the disturbance of the immune system and neuroinflammation in the emergence of psychiatric diseases and high systemic inflammation in mood disorders, anxiety and psychotic disorders. Conclusion: This review offers up-to-date and detailed information on the mechanisms of neurovirulence, the main neurological complications, and neuropsychiatric mechanisms after SARS-COV-2 infection.