Identification of Endophytic Fungi on Healthy and Disease Stem of Vanilla Plants (Vanilla planifolia) Caused by Stem Rot Disease

Y. Yuliana, A. Himawan, Elisabeth Nanik Kristalisasi
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

One of the plantation crops with high economic value is vanilla. The biggest constraint in vanilla cultivation is stem rot disease. Endophytic fungi are fungi that live inside healthy plant tissues without causing symptoms or damage to the host plant. This study was aimed at determining the percentage of vanilla stem rot disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanilla, identifying and selecting the type and amount of endophytic fungi found in healthy vanilla plants and vanilla plants with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of stem rot. The research was carried out in a vanilla plantation belonging to the residents of Sinogo Village, West Plono Village, and West Ngalian Samigaluh Village, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta from January to March 2021. The research method used was a descriptive method for symptoms of the disease. A survey and collection of healthy stems and stem rot disease were then conducted. In addition, environmental conditions such as air temperature, humidity, sunlight intensity, and soil pH were also recorded. Identification of endophytic fungi was carried out in the laboratory. The data were analyzed both quantitatively (percentage of disease attack) and qualitatively (morphological characteristics of fungi macroscopically and microscopically). The results showed that the percentage of vanilla stem rot disease from the largest to the smallest was 30% in West Plono Village, 25.3% in West Ngalian Village, and 22.8% in Sinogo Village. In healthy vanilla plants, there are 4 types of endophytic fungi: Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., and Trichoderma sp. In vanilla stem rot disease, 2 types of endophytic fungi were found, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium sp.
香草茎腐病病根内生真菌的鉴定
香草是具有较高经济价值的种植作物之一。香草种植的最大制约因素是茎腐病。内生真菌是生活在健康植物组织内的真菌,不会对宿主植物造成症状或损害。本研究旨在测定由尖孢镰刀菌引起的香草茎腐病的发病率。该研究于2021年1月至3月在日惹Kulon Progo的Sinogo村和West Ngalian Samigaluh村的一个香草种植园进行,该种植园属于西普洛诺村的居民。使用的研究方法是对疾病症状的描述性方法。然后对健康茎和茎腐病进行调查和收集。此外,还记录了空气温度、湿度、阳光强度和土壤pH值等环境条件。内生真菌鉴定在实验室进行。对数据进行定量分析(疾病发作百分比)和定性分析(真菌的宏观和微观形态特征)。结果表明,西普洛诺村香草茎腐病发病率由大到小依次为30%、25.3%、22.8%。在健康香草植株中,内生真菌有黑曲霉、枝孢霉、青霉、木霉4种。在香草茎腐病中,内生真菌有黑曲霉、枝孢霉2种。
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