Dimensions of animal wellbeing

L. Dung
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Abstract

Whether animals fare well or not is of ethical significance. For this reason, their capacity for wellbeing, i.e., how good or bad the lives of animals can go, is of ethical significance as well. I assume that the wellbeing of most animals is mainly determined by their phenomenally conscious experiences. If consciousness differences between species determine wellbeing differences, then the kinds of conscious experience species are capable of may entail that some species systematically (can) have higher or lower wellbeing than others. Then, I argue that not all phenomenally conscious states contribute to wellbeing equally. I discuss which features of consciousness are constituents of wellbeing and which can, for ethical purposes, be ignored. In addition, I scrutinize how much different features of experience contribute to wellbeing and how their presence can be detected empirically. This way, this paper exemplifies a novel consciousness-centered approach for the empirical investigation of animal wellbeing. The strengths and weaknesses of this approach are analyzed. While subsequent research is needed to refine the framework, I already note some preliminary implications for animal ethics.
动物福利的维度
动物过得好不好具有伦理意义。出于这个原因,它们的幸福能力,即动物的生活有多好或多坏,也具有伦理意义。我认为大多数动物的幸福主要是由它们明显的意识体验决定的。如果物种之间的意识差异决定了幸福感的差异,那么物种能够进行的意识体验的种类可能意味着一些物种系统地(可以)比其他物种拥有更高或更低的幸福感。然后,我认为并非所有具有显著意识的状态对幸福的贡献都是平等的。我讨论了意识的哪些特征是幸福的组成部分,出于伦理目的,哪些特征可以被忽略。此外,我仔细研究了经验的不同特征对幸福感的贡献,以及如何通过经验来检测它们的存在。通过这种方式,本文举例说明了一种新颖的以意识为中心的方法,用于动物福利的实证调查。分析了该方法的优缺点。虽然需要后续的研究来完善这个框架,但我已经注意到一些对动物伦理的初步影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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