Pengembangan Pertanian Lahan Kering Iklim Kering Melalui Implementasi Panca Kelola Lahan

Abstract

Abstrak. Wilayah lahan kering beriklim kering pada umumnya memiliki curah hujan rendah kurang dari 2000 mm/tahun. Keterbatasan air dan kesuburan tanah yang rendah menjadi kendala dalam pengembangan lahan jenis ini. Selain itu kondisi lahan pada umumnya berbukit dan bergunung dengan solum tanah dangkal dan berbatu. Salah satu upaya peningkatan produktivitas lahan ini adalah melalui aplikasi panca kelola lahan kering iklim kering guna mendukung swasembada pangan, meliputi: pengelolaan air; pemupukan berimbang; pengelolaan bahan organik, ameliorasi dan konservasi tanah; integrasi tanaman ternak; dan penguatan kelembagaan tani. Produktivitas lahan dan indeks pertanaman yang rendah di lahan kering iklim kering memungkinkan untuk ditingkatkan melalui pemberian irigasi suplemen. Sumber irigasi suplemen dapat berasal dari bangunan panen air berupa embung, dam parit, long storage, pemanfaatan air sungai, air tanah dangkal dan dalam. Aplikasi irigasi hemat air bagi tanaman sangat diperlukan pada kondisi air terbatas. Pemupukan berimbang dengan teknologi nano; pengelolaan hara terpadu yang mengkombinasikan pupuk anorganik dengan pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati; pemanfaatan limbah tanaman untuk pakan ternak dan sebaliknya kotoran ternak untuk bahan organik bagi tanaman; serta pendampingan dan pembinaan kelembagaan secara intensif perlu dilakukan untuk keberlanjutan pertanian lahan kering iklim kering. Abstract. Dryland with dry climate areas generally characterized by low rainfall of less than 2000 mm/year. Water limitations and low soil fertility become obstacles in the development of this type of land. In addition, land conditions are generally have a hilly and mountainous area, shallow solum and rocky soil. One of the efforts to increase land productivity is through the application of five land management of dry land with dry climate area to support food self-sufficiency, such as: water management; balanced fertilization; organic matter management, amelioration and soil conservation; livestock crop integration; and strengthening farmer institutions. Low land productivity and cropping index in dry land with dry climate area makes it possible to increase through the aplication of supplementary irrigation. Sources of supplement irrigation were come from water harvesting infrastructures such as water reservoir, channel reservoir, long storage, river water utilization, shallow and deep ground water. Water saving irrigation are very necessary in limited water conditions. Balanced fertilization with nano technology; integrated nutrient management that combines inorganic fertilizers with organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers; utilization of crop waste for animal feed and vice versa livestock manure for organic material for plants; and intensive institutional assistance and guidance, needs to be carried out for the sustainability of dry land with dry climate agriculture.