Synthesis of Chemical Elements and Solid Structures in Atomic- Nuclear Reactions in Dense Gas-Metal Systems Irradiated by γ Rays

Abstract

The new effects observed in dense gas-metals systems (example D 2 -Pd) being irradiated by braking gamma quanta with threshold energy a little bellow 10 MeV, for energy about 25 MeV (giant dipole nuclear resonance — GDNR) and effects of irradiation of pure gazes (D 2 , He … 10 MeV) is presented in this chapter. The irradiation time in all cases was as large as 10 5 s under large gamma flux intensity conditions (generated by electron current in used accelerators of about 20 μ A). Realization of experiments were as follow: chosen gas in room temperature was compressed to high pressure (1 – 3 kbar) in beryllium bronze pressure chamber or in stainless steel high pressure capillary with chosen metal samples inside of it or without samples. In all cases new elements were detected in relatively large amounts, some of them are light elements, i.e., C, O and the others are heavy elements, i.e., Pb, Bi. At GDNR with Pd, V and other metals, unexpected phenomena as shape changes, “ micro-protuberances, ” micro objects of specific element contents, cracks of specimen surfaces were observed too. The identification of the mechanism that induced these effects is a problematic issue, trans-nuclear molecule and multinuclear reaction concepts could be used to explain these induced effects. The justification of carbon generation in the samples is shortly described. Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions. Investigation of obtained objects, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray micro sound analyzer (XRMPA) were performed in the Analytical Centre of the Laboratory of University and at the Institute for Perspective Materials and Technologies in Moscow. We have observed: macroscopic surface changes, the emergence of new elements in the macroscopic amount, change the shape of the samples, micro eruption from the metallic surface and exposed to weight changes of investigated samples. The arrows presents high energy gamma stream passing through the inlet port of the pressure shell. Polygon character symbolizes the central object changes. Square character symbolizes objects which were observed inside of the chamber and triangular character changes in inner element (red line) separates the gas from the pressure shell. Similar objects can be exist in similar condition in some time in somewhere is Cosmos. What effects would took place there we can see as results of our experiments described below.