Classification of geomechanical factors that create risks in mines

Abstract

The subject of research presented in the article is geomechanical processes that create risks in the underground mining of minerals for the extraction of solid minerals. The aim of the work is to analyze the geomechanical factors that create risks in the construction and operation of underground workings in complex mining and geological conditions, development and classification according to the degree of impact on the safety of mining. In the paper, the methodological approach is used, which is recommended recommended by regulations widely used in a number of highly developed countries, in particular, the British standard "OHSAS 18001", which implements the current risk assessment and continuous correction of actions in accordance with the Schuhart - Deming PDCA cycle, as well as national standard DSTU IEC / ISO 31010: 2013 developed on the analysis of the european experience. Based on our own experience, a number of the most well-known geomechanical factors that create risks during the construction and operation of mine workings have been identified. Among them: depth of mining, geometric parameters of underground working, rock pressure, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, service life of underground working, type of support, hydrogeological structure of the massif, susceptibility to dynamic and gas-dynamic phenomena, stress-strain state of the massif, etc. These factors were classified according to the degree of risk. The factors are indicated, which require constant monitoring and development of special measures and their implementation in the production process in a limited period of time. The factors are separately highlighted, which affect the safety and economic performance of mining enterprises, but belong to the categories of "moderate" or "insignificant", and therefore require periodic monitoring and evaluation with further development of planned measures to eliminate or reduce them. Purpose of the work is to improve safety of miners. This technique is universal. It can be used to assess the operational reliability of engineering facilities under the significant influence of unstable factors of natural origin.