The use and applicability of Internet search queries for infectious disease surveillance in low- to middle-income countries

J. Beckhaus, H. Becher, M. Belau
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Abstract

Uncontrolled outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases can pose threats to livelihoods and can undo years of progress made in developing regions, such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the surveillance and early outbreak detection of infectious diseases, e.g., Dengue fever, is crucial. As a low-cost and timely source, Internet search queries data [e.g., Google Trends data (GTD)] are used and applied in epidemiological surveillance. This review aims to identify and evaluate relevant studies that used GTD in prediction models for epidemiological surveillance purposes regarding emerging infectious diseases. A comprehensive literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE was carried out, using relevant keywords identified from up-to-date literature and restricted to low- to middle-income countries. Eight studies were identified and included in the current review. Three focused on Dengue fever, three analyzed Zika virus infections, and two were about COVID-19. All studies investigated the correlation between GTD and the cases of the respective infectious disease; five studies used additional (time series) regression analyses to investigate the temporal relation. Overall, the reported positive correlations were high for Zika virus (0.75-0.99) or Dengue fever (0.87-0.94) with GTD, but not for COVID-19 (-0.81 to 0.003). Although the use of GTD appeared effective for infectious disease surveillance in low- to middle-income countries, further research is needed. The low costs and availability remain promising for future surveillance systems in low- to middle-income countries, but there is an urgent need for a standard methodological framework for the use and application of GTD.
低收入至中等收入国家传染病监测中互联网搜索查询的使用和适用性
不受控制的新发传染病暴发可能对生计构成威胁,并可能使撒哈拉以南非洲等发展中地区多年来取得的进展付诸东流。因此,监测和早期发现传染病,如登革热,是至关重要的。互联网搜索查询数据[如Google Trends数据(GTD)]作为一种低成本和及时的来源,被用于流行病学监测。本综述旨在识别和评价将GTD用于新发传染病流行病学监测预测模型的相关研究。在PubMed/MEDLINE中进行了全面的文献检索,使用从最新文献中确定的相关关键词,仅限于中低收入国家。本综述确定并纳入了8项研究。其中3篇研究登革热,3篇分析寨卡病毒感染,2篇研究COVID-19。所有研究都调查了GTD与各自传染病病例之间的相关性;五项研究使用额外的(时间序列)回归分析来调查时间关系。总体而言,报告的寨卡病毒(0.75-0.99)或登革热(0.87-0.94)与GTD呈正相关,但与COVID-19(-0.81至0.003)无关。虽然在低收入和中等收入国家使用GTD对传染病监测似乎有效,但还需要进一步的研究。低成本和可获得性对于中低收入国家未来的监测系统来说仍然是有希望的,但是迫切需要一个使用和应用GTD的标准方法框架。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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